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Parasites Hookworm Filarial Worm

Parasites Hookworm Filarial Worm. Hookworm. 2 main types: Old world and New world hookworms Scientific name: A. duodenale (Old World) N. americanus (New World) Greyish white or pinkish in color Measure to be about 1 cm in length There are males and females. Life Cycle.

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Parasites Hookworm Filarial Worm

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  1. ParasitesHookwormFilarial Worm

  2. Hookworm • 2 main types: Old world and New world hookworms • Scientific name: • A. duodenale (Old World) • N. americanus (New World) • Greyish white or pinkish in color • Measure to be about 1 cm in length • There are males and females

  3. Life Cycle • Egg hatches and produce larva that then develops into infective form. • Once at infective form, penetrates skin and enters blood stream, then goes to the intestinal system via respiratory tract.

  4. Symptoms • Larva penetrating skin causes allergic reaction. • In small numbers cause: • stomach discomfort, diarrhea and vomiting • In larger numbers: • Blood loss • Iron deficiency • Can get creeping eruptionin dog form of hookworm.

  5. Epidemiology • Old World hookworm found in Europe and Mediterranean countries • New World hookworm found in the Americas

  6. Treatment and Prevention • Treatment: • Just a single dose of Albendazole 400mg • Prevention: • Avoid areas where it is known that the population defecate directly onto the soil. • Wear shoes

  7. Filarial Worms • Inhabit the lymphatic system but can be found subcutaneous • Important parasites in this category are: • W. bancrofti • Loa loa • WHO had estimated that approx. 106.2 million were infected by W. bancrofti

  8. Life Cycles • Intermediate host for W. bancrofti: • Mosquito • Intermediate host for L. loa • African biting fly • W. bancrofti reproduce sexually and live in lymphatic system. Do migrate depending on time of day to get picked up by mosquito • L. loa will live in subcutaneous tissue and migrate throughout the body.

  9. Symptoms W. bancrofti Loa loa • Early symptoms: • Fever, leaking of lymphatic fluid in extremities • Late symptoms: • FDS – “filarial dance sign” • Elephantiasis – enlargement of one or more limbs • Migration is not painful • Can form rashes during migration • Calabar swellings

  10. Epidemiology • W. bancrofti – found mostly in the tropics and subtropics. Been found in Haiti and some refuges in South Florida. • L. loa – found in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. • Also found to infect African monkeys • American deerfly also found to be suitable intermediate host.

  11. Treatment / Prevention • Prevention for both: • To control mosquito population or the fly population • DDT, Bug spray, Bed nets • Treatment for W. bancrofti: • Hetrazan, Notezine – actually can be obtained through CDC • As been distributed in mass by adding it to table salt. • Surgical procedures in cases of elephantiasis • Treatment for L. loa • Hetrazan • Surgical removal

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