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Chapter Outline: Preview of Properties of minerals Lab exercise Mineral lab tour

Chapter 2: Properties of Minerals. TA : Niti Mankhemthong Office Hour: Monday 12:00-13:00 Friday 11:00-12:00 @room GB326 or by an appointment Contact E-mail: niti.ace@gmail.com. Chapter Outline: Preview of Properties of minerals Lab exercise Mineral lab tour.

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Chapter Outline: Preview of Properties of minerals Lab exercise Mineral lab tour

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  1. Chapter 2: Properties of Minerals TA : NitiMankhemthongOffice Hour: Monday 12:00-13:00 Friday 11:00-12:00 @room GB326or by an appointmentContact E-mail: niti.ace@gmail.com Chapter Outline: • Preview of Properties of minerals • Lab exercise • Mineral lab tour

  2. Minerals: the building blocks of rocks • Definition of a Mineral: • naturally occurring • inorganic • solid • characteristic crystalline structure • definite chemical composition

  3. How do we identify minerals? • Physical properties: • Color • Luster • Hardness • Crystal shape • Cleavage • Specific gravity • Other

  4. Physical Properties of Minerals Example: Quartz • Color: • Most obvious, but often misleading • Different colors may result from impurities • Streak Color: • – color of a mineral in powdered form • (used for metallic minerals) Example: Hematite Obtained by scratching a mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain.

  5. Physical Properties of Minerals • Luster: • How a mineral surface reflects light • Two major types: • Metallic luster • Non-metallic luster Metallic example: Galena Non-metallic example: Orthoclase

  6. Non-metallic Metallic vs Felsic Mins. vs Mafic Mins. • Felsic = Light color, high in silica, viscous (thick and slow), low in iron, calcium or magnesium Felsic=Feldspar+ Silica • Mafic = Dark color, low in silica, not viscous (thin and watery), high in iron, calcium and magnesium Mafic=Magnesium + Iron (Fe).

  7. Physical Properties of Minerals • Hardness: • How easy it is to scratch a mineral • Mohs Scale of Hardness • relative scale • consists of 10 minerals, ranked 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)

  8. Hardest (10) – Diamond Softest (1) – Talc Common objects: - Fingernail (2.5) - Copper penny (3.5) - Wire nail (4.5) - Glass (5.5) - Streak plate (6.5) Mohs Scale of Hardness

  9. Physical Properties of Minerals • Cleavage • The way a mineral breaks • Cleavage: tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness • Cleavage is described by: • Number of planes • Angles between adjacent planes

  10. Physical Properties of Minerals • Cleavage (1 direction): Example: mica

  11. Physical Properties of Minerals • Cleavage (2 directions): orthoclase amphibole

  12. Physical Properties of Minerals • Cleavage (3 directions): halite calcite

  13. Physical Properties of Minerals • Cleavage (4 directions): fluorite

  14. Physical Properties of Minerals • Specific gravity: • weight of a mineral divided by volume of an equal volume of water • metallic minerals tend to have higher specific gravity than non-metallic minerals Galena SG=7.5 Quartz SG=2.67

  15. Physical Properties of Minerals • Other properties: • reaction with hydrochloric acid(calcite fizzes) • taste( halite tastes salty) • feeland impression (talc feels soapy, graphite feels greasy) • magnetism(magnetite attracts a magnet)

  16. Good places to get information on minerals • Photos of minerals and short explanations: • http://mineral.galleries.com/Minerals/By_Name.html • Everything you might want to know about a mineral and then some. Check out the nice crystallographic animations! • http://webmineral.com/ • Handy guide to mineral identification: • http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/properties/minpropindex.html • Common minerals and their uses: • http://www.mii.org/commonminerals.html

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