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Agricultural Hazards

Agricultural Hazards. Todd A. Nelson, MD, MS, FACEP Assistant Clinical Professor, Section of Emergency Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Flight Physician, Med Flight, UW Health. Objectives. Discuss characteristics that make farm life so dangerous

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Agricultural Hazards

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  1. Agricultural Hazards Todd A. Nelson, MD, MS, FACEP Assistant Clinical Professor, Section of Emergency Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Flight Physician, Med Flight, UW Health

  2. Objectives • Discuss characteristics that make farm life so dangerous • Discuss epidemiology of ag injuries • Discuss mechanisms of injury • Discuss injury control measures • Provide listing of resources

  3. Death Rates(Deaths/100k) National Safety Council, 2001

  4. Wisconsin Farm Fatalities University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service, 2006 * Per 100,000 workers

  5. Occupational Injuries National Safety Council, 2005

  6. Number of Farms

  7. Farming Risk Factors • Behavior • Machinery • Structures • Environment (home/work, weather, EMS) • Animals • High risk groups: the young and old • Little formal training • No governing body

  8. Sources of Injury/Illness • Machinery • Animals • Structures • Hazardous Materials

  9. Time of Injury • Month: varies state to state • Day of week • Time of day: bimodal peaks 1000 and 1600

  10. Farm Work Injuries by Age National Safety Council, 2005

  11. Childhood Ag Injuries • 103 deaths per year • 27,000 injuries per year • In Wisconsin: 39 children died from farm injuries over the period 1999-2004. 27 were 14 or younger • farm machinery deaths only exceeded by MVA, fires and drownings

  12. Percent of Childhood Farm Injuries by Age % Age

  13. Childhood Injuries • Peak at 3-4 years • increased mobility and curiosity • lack the judgment to avoid injury • Peak in teenage years • increased time working • increased risk taking behavior • performing tasks that exceed child’s motor skills

  14. Mechanism of Death National Safety Council, 2005

  15. Wisconsin Ag Fatalities Fatalities 2005 2004 2003 Tractors 16 7 10 Farm machines3 5 12 Confined Spaces2 2 0 Falls 3 3 4 Animals 4 7 5 Trucks/Vehicles1 0 0 Other 1 1 6 Total30 25 37

  16. Source of Injury (%) National Safety Council, 2005

  17. Distribution of Tractor-Related Deaths National Safety Council, 2005

  18. Tractor History • 1892 First tractor developed • 1920 “Row crop” or tricycle chassis introduced • 1940 Rubber tires replaced steel and then tractors were on the roadways • 1960 Narrow front-end designs phased out • 1966 Rollover protective structure (ROPS)

  19. Even with ROPS need to wear seatbelt!!

  20. Power Take Off (PTO) • Shaft that transmits power to the mechanism of an accompanying machine • PTO driven equipment include: mowers, balers, grain augers, self-unloading wagons, choppers, or feed mills • Entanglement usually with loose clothing • PTO at 540 rpm makes nine rotations per second. If driveline 4” in circumference, 36” pulled per second

  21. What is wrong in this picture??

  22. Augers • Move material from one point to another • Found in self-unloading wagons, grain bins, combine grain tanks, feed mixers, and silos • Portable augers used to move large quantities of grain, feed or fertilizer quickly and easily • Entanglement and electrocution are major causes of injury

  23. Balers • Small round baler • 50-150 lb/bale • Conventional rectangular baler • 50-150 lb/bale • Entanglement in twine • Large round baler • Entanglement in pick-up mechanism • Crush injuries • 1200 lb/bale

  24. Balers

  25. Combine • Header: cutting unit • Snapping rolls: snap the corn ears from stalks • Straw walkers: separate grain from the straw • Grain tank augers: leveling auger at the top and an unloading auger on the bottom. Tank with sloped sides.

  26. Other Machinery • Cotton picker • Ensilage cutter • Mixing wagon • Manure spreader • Disc • Chain saw

  27. Animals • Animals are unpredictable • Horses: bite, kick, thrown from, fallen on • Cattle: kick, bite, butt, gore, squeeze • Pigs: bite • All animal facilities are heavily contaminated with bacteria, viruses, and molds--need tetanus and possibly antibiotics

  28. Job Security!!

  29. Structures • Barns • Confined Spaces • Grain Bin • Silo • Manure Pit

  30. Grain Bins • Used to store grain after harvest • Mechanisms of injury • Engulfment in a column of flowing grain • 52 cu ft/min-->185# person in 8 seconds • Collapse of a horizontal crusted grain surface • Collapse of a vertical crusted grain surface • Fall • Gas/pesticide exposure

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