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Lithiumization of Plasma-Facing components in Next-Gen Fusion reactors

October 7, 2011. Lithiumization of Plasma-Facing components in Next-Gen Fusion reactors. Anupama Khan. Why develop fusion energy?. Fusion energy deployment scenarios match long-term carbon mitigation projections. Fusion Development Plan.

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Lithiumization of Plasma-Facing components in Next-Gen Fusion reactors

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  1. October 7, 2011 Lithiumization of Plasma-Facing components in Next-Gen Fusion reactors Anupama Khan

  2. Why develop fusion energy? Fusion energy deployment scenarios match long-term carbon mitigation projections.

  3. Fusion Development Plan Goldston, R. “Fusion Development Path Panel: Preliminary Report.” Report to the Fusion Sciences Advisory Committee (2002). Demo of commercial fusion energy by 2040.

  4. Projected Emissions Reductions Metz, B. et al (eds). Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (2007). IPCC predicts 95% of reductions made after 2030.

  5. Materials Challenges • High power flux from radiation and particles • Erosion of structural materials • Pumping/gettering impurities (N, H2O, CO) • Hydrogen recycling and retention Goal: Choose multi-functional materials that resist erosion and improve plasma performance over extended periods of time.

  6. Why use liquid lithium PFCs? Liquid lithium PFCs have been shown to improve several plasma performance parameters, though the mechanisms remain poorly characterized.

  7. Observed Benefits of Liquid Lithium • Limited Li sputtering • Suppresses off-normal events • Reduced D,T recycling • Surface chemistry? Kugel, H., et al. “Lithium coatings on NSTX plasma-facing components.” Fusion Engineering and Design. 85 (2010) 865-873.

  8. Two-Fold Approach

  9. Why study damaged surfaces? Li predicted to protect porous Mo from neutral beam bombardment, prolong lifetime of structural materials in NSTX.

  10. Narrow Band of Damage Abrams, T. “Investigation of LLD Test Sample Performance under High Heat Loads.” Unpublished data. (2010).

  11. SEM: No Beam Exposure

  12. SEM: Beam Exposure

  13. SEM: Lithium and Beam Exposure

  14. Current Work • Stitch together “panorama” sweeping length of sample to identify changes in morphology • Energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy for analysis of elemental composition in Li’ized samples • Determine changes in crystal structure after beam exposure in samples with and without lithium • Remove lithium and image underlying Mo structures

  15. Summary • Fusion has the potential to significantly impact global energy consumption over the next 100 years • Liquid lithium is a multi-functional material that has been shown to improve plasma performance • SEM to study heat diffusion in Li on porous Mo • XPS to study interactions between O-B-Li

  16. Acknowledgements • Prof. Bernasek • Prof. Rob Goldston • Dr. Bob Kaita • Chemistry Department • PEI Grand Challenges • PPPL • Steve Wulfsberg • Matt Frith • Sean Edington • Conor Thomas • Pearl Dickerson • Amber Hibberd • Esther Frederick

  17. Thank You! Questions?

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