Question: Analyze the effects of the Columbian exchange the interchange of plants, animals and diseases between the Old

1. Question: Analyze the effects of the Columbian exchange (the interchange of plants, animals and diseases between the Old World and the New World) on the population and economy of Europe I the period 1550-1700.

2. Definition: The biological and cultural exchange of peoples, plants, animals, and diseases following Columbus� discovery of the new world. Thesis: The exchanges of livestock, crops, and infectious diseases between the Old and New worlds from 1550-1700 resulted in a global demographic transition, allowing the Europeans to prosper at the expense of the Native Americans.

3. Causes Geographic isolation of the American continents Development of independent species through ecological separation over thousands of years Trade and communication of Eurasia and Sahara => superior biodiversity, higher resistance to contagions Many diseases once present in Americas had died out, meaning severely weakened immunities

5. Columbus Under Spanish crown, sails west expecting to find India Takes the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria Known to have brought pigs, goats, horses, cows and chickens during his several voyages to the Americas Brought the new continents to the forefront of European attention

6. Animals From Old world: Sheep Chicken Cow Goat Bee Goose Cat Horse Pig Chicken From New World: Llama Turkey Alpaca Guinea Pig

7. Plants From Old world: Apple Apricot Banana Black pepper Cabbage Carrot Coffee Citruses (orange, lemon, etc.) Lettuce Oat Olive Onion Opium Peach Pea Pear Rice Rye Soybean Sugarcane Tea Wheat Watermelon Marijuana � From New World: Avocado Beans Pepper Blackberry Blueberry Cashew Cranberry Chocolate Cocaine Cotton Corn Peanut Pecan Pineapple Potato Pumpkin Squash Strawberry Tomato Vanilla

8. Diseases From Old world: Plague Chicken Pox Flu Cholera Small Pox Typhus Typhoid Yellow Fever Malaria Measles Scarlet Fever � From New World: Syphilis Hepatitis Tuberculosis

9. Effects on Europe By 1700�s, adopt potatoes, corn and tomatoes into regular diet Able to grow in poor soil and in climates previously unsuitable to any available crops Fed the enormous population explosion of the following centuries

10. Effects on Americas Immediate Effects: Massive population loss amongst native populations- Aztecs- 80% died in 60 years Incas- 60% died in 6 years Total- May have begun at over 100 million Long Term Effects: Large population gains, though often in favor of immigrants at the expense of natives

11. Rest of World Africa- Adopt peanut and manioc Stable crop structure in areas previous unsuitable for agriculture Asia- Malaysia and SE Asia follow west African pattern China uses corn to open arid land previously unusable

12. Results Mixed bag for Americas; many invasive species ruin fragile ecosystems Natives decimated, but displaced by exploding colonial societies fed by overflow from Europe Some Natives embrace new species, especially horses As the crops became more widespread, reclaim vast tracts of newly cultivated land ENORMOUS population gain for Europe

13. Works Cited Jianming, Cai (2003-04-01). "Periurban Agriculture Development in China" (PDF). Urban Agriculture Magazine 9.. Retrieved 2007-07-12.� Crosby, Alfred W., Jr (1972, 2003 reissue). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492;30th Anniversary Edition. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN�0275980928. =&f=false. Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Columbus, Christopher". Encyclop�dia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press