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The Plant Kingdom

The Plant Kingdom. What makes a plant a plant?. All Plants : Are Eukaryotic ( have a nucleus) Have cell walls made of cellulose Are Autotrophs – photosynthetic Are Non-motile (cannot move). What do plants need to survive?. Plants need: Sunlight H 2 O & CO 2 Nutrients Water movement.

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The Plant Kingdom

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  1. The Plant Kingdom

  2. What makes a plant a plant? All Plants: • Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • Have cell walls made of cellulose • Are Autotrophs – photosynthetic • Are Non-motile (cannot move)

  3. What do plants need to survive? Plants need: • Sunlight • H2O & CO2 • Nutrients • Water movement

  4. Evolution & Basic Adaptations of plants

  5. The first plants were all NONVASCULAR They have the following properties: 1. No vascular tissue • Can only move water from cell to cell by way of osmosis 2. Lack true roots, stems and leaves 3. Can notgrow upward 4. Live in moist environments – these plants are highly dependent on water

  6. Examples of nonvascular plants Mosses Liverworts

  7. What came next in plant evolution? In the evolution of plants, plants went from living exclusively in water to living on land. These plants are called VASCULAR PLANTS

  8. Example of a vascular plant

  9. Vascular Plant Properties In order to survive in a new terrestrial environment, plants had to be able to do 3 things: • Absorb Nutrients • Prevent Water loss • Reproduce on land How did they accomplish this?

  10. Absorbing Nutrients Root systems and vascular tissue that allow movement of water and nutrients through the plant body.

  11. Preventing Water Loss • Cuticle • Waxy covering of the plant • Stomata • Opening that allows plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

  12. Reproducing On Land Seeds Flowers A reproductive structure that produces pollen (sperm) and seeds (eggs) Contain the embryo of the plant

  13. All Vascular Plant Have: Vascular tissue: Special tissues that can move water, nutrients and dissolved minerals through the plant body, even against the force of gravity.

  14. All Vascular Plant Have: True roots, stems and leaves

  15. All Vascular Plant Have: The ability to grow upward

  16. Plant Taxonomy

  17. Plant Classification Historically botanists used the term division while zoologist used the term phylum, but they are the same. Phylum = division Today these terms are interchangeable

  18. Plant Classification All plants are classified into one of the following 10 divisions or phyla:

  19. Bryophyta • Mosses • Liverworts

  20. Psilophyta

  21. Lycophyta Club Mosses

  22. Sphenophyta Horsetails Equisetum

  23. Pterophyta Ferns

  24. Cycadophyta

  25. Ginkgophyta Ginkgo biloba

  26. Gnetophyta Welwitschia Gnetum

  27. Coniferophyta

  28. Anthophyta

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