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ATP 2004

ATP 2004. The Cypriot agriculture facing water management problems. Introduction. Characteristics of the Cypriot Republic. CYRPUS: A MEDITERANEAN ISLAND. MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT A semi-arid climate: Irregular and low rainfalls Unbalanced Rainfall-Evapotranspiration ratio

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ATP 2004

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  1. ATP 2004 The Cypriot agriculture facing water management problems

  2. Introduction Characteristics of the Cypriot Republic

  3. CYRPUS: A MEDITERANEAN ISLAND

  4. MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT A semi-arid climate: • Irregular and low rainfalls • Unbalanced Rainfall-Evapotranspiration ratio → Frequent droughts

  5. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE ISLAND (1) • Insularity → dependence on ground water and rainfalls • Recent changes in climate: - increase of temperature: 0,5°C - rainfalls reduction: 1mm by year / nowadays 500 mm annually

  6. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE ISLAND (2) → reduction of water resources of 40 %, Droughts are more severe than predicted  Shortage of water

  7. IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE Some key figures: • 4,5% of the GDP • 10% of the working population • 30% of the amount of exportations

  8. PROBLEMS The Cypriot agriculture facing water management problems How does Cyprus try to reconcile agricultural development and shortage of water, just before its entry in the EU ?

  9.  Sustainable development: Development that allows to all populations which live on earth to satisfy its needs without jeopardizing possibilities of futures generations. (World commission for environment and development, 1987).

  10. AGRICULTURE AND WATER • Agricultural activities • Water resource mobilization • Water distribution • Limits of the system • SOCIOECONOMICS ASPECTS • Public awareness • Limits of the actual policy • Consequences • MEDITERRANEAN APPROACH AND EUROPEAN PROSPECTS • Mediterranean programs • European programs • The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): a north-European policy

  11. AGRICULTURE AND WATER

  12. MAIN CULTURES

  13. AGRICULTURAL AREAS

  14. FIRST MOBILIZATION OF WATER: PUMPING THE AQUIFERS

  15. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPUMPING: SALINATION

  16. DAMS BUILDING POLICY (1)

  17. DAMS BUILDING POLICY (2) Wide scale works: • 106 works • total capacity : 325 000 000 MCM (6 200 000 MCM in the early 60s)

  18. WATER DISTRIBUTION Southern Conveyor Project (1984-2002)

  19. IRRIGATION • Agricultural Research Institute’s works (water needs of crops and irrigation methods) • Government subsidies

  20. LIMITS OF THIS SYSTEM • Damages to ecosystems downstream of dams • Water losses in minor networks (30%) • Sociological consequences • Total dependence toward climate conditions • → water recycling and desalination

  21. SOCIOECONOMICS ASPECTS

  22. Agriculture is: - A water consuming activity - But an activity that enable people to earn their lives → How to conciliate these two objectives ?

  23. AWARENESS,A MEAN TO CONCIALIATE ? • Increase awareness of government, actual and future citizens, farmers • Means that are used: • Media • Organisms: the C.C.F, the A.R.I, the W.D.D … • Projects: Pitsilia Integrated Rural • Development Project • Measures: price of water

  24. Media

  25. Organisms: • The C.C.F.: Cyprus Conservation Foundation • The A.R.I.: Agricultural Research Institute • The W.D.D.: Water Development Department

  26. Projects: Pitsilia Integrated Rural Development Project

  27. Measures: price of water

  28. However, this increasing of awareness has limits… • A slackening of vigilance: dams are full. Last three years rainfalls were good • When economy is more important than ecology: • Contradictions at the A.R.I.: water consuming species, counter season cultures • Tourism: services = 75% of GDP

  29. A system to improve: • A lack of communication: inside and between institutions (A.R.I., W.D.D.) and with farmers • A lack of organization: no independent ministry of environment • Some mistakes: water recycled problem and farmers reluctance

  30. CONSEQUENCES • A less effective increasing of awareness • A break in the evolution of farmers minds • Hard-to-apply measures: • Ex: price of water: a less important waste or a more important pumping of aquifers ?

  31. MEDITERRANEAN APPROACH AND EUROPEAN PROSPECTS

  32. MEDITERRANEAN PROGRAMS MEDCODESAL (1997-2000): Mediterranean cooperation for water desalination policies in the perspective of a sustainable development WASAMED (2003-2005): Water saving in Mediterranean agriculture

  33. EUROPEAN PROGRAMS IRRISPLIT (2000-2003): Partial Root Drying: A sustainable irrigation system for efficient water use without reducing yield HORTIMED (2000-2003): Sustainable Water Use in Protected Mediterranean Horticulture

  34. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (2000/60/EC) • This directive recommends to : • Create a management system • Make all players implied in water management participate • Reduce and control pollution • Apply water price policy

  35. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE: A NORTH-EUROPEAN POLICY • Cyprus: an island scaled management Hydrographic network • A management of quantity for 40 years… …but… A recent will to manage water quality • A real chance to evolve on a long term

  36. CONCLUSION

  37. Agriculture: an important activity • A Mediterranean agriculture • An important work to mobilize water resource • Aware populations despite communications problems • EU entry: a step forward but a lot of work to do • a special conception of agricultural sustainable development

  38. Site Internet de l’association : http://agr.eau.free.fr

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