Spirit of Expansion Sweeps into Texas

1. Spirit of Expansion Sweeps into Texas

2. Jim Bowie William Travis Sam Houston Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Davy Crocket

4. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston(1793-1863) Steven Austin(1793-1836)

5. Pg. 291- DRAW MAP

6. TEXAS • -Stephen Austin (1st leads settlers into Texas ) Empresarios • Mexico invites settlers ( Difficulties Increase ) • Americans push for more political control – WAR PARTY develops

8. Texas Declaration of Independence

9. The Republic of Texas

10. Remember the Alamo!

11. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

12. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

13. Santa Anna becomes Dictator of Mexico 1835 Santa Anna Marches North -Feb. 23-March 6 “Battle ofAlamo” (hold off for 13 days) * William Travis Battle at San Jacinto River (April 1836) Sam Houston Pres. “Lone Star Republic” Debate over Border : Rio Grande / Nueces Dec. 29, 1845 Texas becomes 28th State

14. Texas Annexation 1845 • The Democrats and Expansion • Polk Elected • U.S. agrees to annex Texas 1845 • Texas /Mexico Border Dispute • U.S. states Rio Grande River • Mexico claims Nueces River • Mexican order to prohibit U.S. immigration to CA • Bear Flag Independence Revolt 1845 James K. Polk (Portrait Gallery)

15. War withMexico • Rising Tensions • Texas Statehood • Rio Grande v Nueces Border • Polk sends Zachary Taylor to “defend” the territory 3,000 troops (Border Incidents – Sparks WAR) • War attitudes SPLIT Americans • Pro / Anti

16. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

17. War Plan • 3 Part Plan • Secure the Border with Texas • Seize New Mexico, Nevada & California • Seize Mexico City (capital) • California (Bear Flag Republic) • Kearny marches West • Gen. Winfred Scott captures Mexico City

18. The Bear Flag Republic The Revolt  June 14, 1845 John C. Frémont

19. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

20. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

21. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

22. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

23. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 • Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. • Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico Region. • U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

24. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

25. The Mexican Cession

26. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)-Texas & the Rio Grande River -New Mexico & California ($15 mil.) • Gadsden Purchase(1853) $10 mil. -southern New Mexico & Arizona • after the war? (slavery) -Does slavery go into new territories? -growing gap between North & South • WILMOT PROVISO NO Slavery in the Southwestern Territories

27. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)

28. Territorial Growth to 1853

29. Mormons Settle Utah (Desert) • Brigham Young – Salt Lake City • 1848 Utah becomes a U.S. territory • 1896 becomes a state

30. Mormon Migration • 1827, NY, Joseph Smith creates church of Mormon • Navuoo, Illinois murdered • 1847 Brigham Young (successor) leads Mormons WEST • Mormon Trail (Oregon Trail) • Salt Lake • Oregon Territory Boundary Dispute • Britain v. America

32. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

33. GOLD!At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 Oregon Trail brings thousands of settlers West. Many go into Northern California and start settlements that bring more settlers John A. Sutter

35. Gold and Silver Strikes - The CA Gold Rush began in 1849, attracting thousands of gold hunters known as forty-niners.

36. California Gold Rush(John Sutter) -by 1849 100,000 flood the area -”Forty Niners” - San Franciso (unmarried men) • Mining Frontier -gold strikes spread -Colorado, Western Canada, Nevada, Montana, Idaho • Boom Towns & Ghost Towns • Vigilantes • Create local justice

38. Major "Strikes" in the California Gold Rush In 1852 the take for the year was $80 million ($1.9 billion in 2005 dollars). 1. Sutter's Mill/Coloma Jan. 24, 1848James Marshall kicked off the California gold rush when he spotted some pea-sized bits of gold in a mill raceway. The news brought thousands of prospectors to the area, but neither Marshall nor his employer John Sutter prospered from the find. 8. Comstock Lode | 1859The discovery of silver on the other side of the Sierras in Nevada brought an end to the California gold rush; at its height, about $80 million (some $1.9 billion in 2005 dollars) had been pulled annually from the gold fields, but that figure had fallen by almost half when the Comstock Lode was discovered.

39. Boomtowns - towns that grew up near major mining sites · Some boom towns developed into cities, such as Denver, CO, and Reno, NV. Reno, Nevada 1997 Reno, Nevada c.1868

40. · Many of these new towns became abandoned ghost towns when the ore disappeared. Silver City, Idaho

42. Compromise of 1850

43. CALIFORNIA Statehood FIGHT 1) POPULAR SOVERIGNTY in the Southwest Territories the people in the territory would decide (vote) on whether to become a Slave or Free State 2) Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 personalizes the issue of slavery to northerners Personal Liberty Laws (nullification) Subject of Slavery Won’t Die

45. Westward the Course of EmpireEmmanuel Leutze, 1860

46. Compromise of 1850