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Emmitt Till

Emmitt Till. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONJ9CUj6h-w. From Pride to Action Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. Segregation. Separating on the basis of race.

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Emmitt Till

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  1. Emmitt Till http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONJ9CUj6h-w

  2. From Pride to Action Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

  3. Segregation • Separating on the basis of race. • African Americans had separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were poorly funded and inferior to those of whites.

  4. Roadblocks to Integration • New rules went largely unenforced by State and Federal Governments • Emergence and acceptance of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

  5. A picnic, social function, or the County Fair……

  6. Strength in Numbers • Nearly a million African American men fought in WWII. • A. Philip Randolph threatened FDR with a million-man march in Washington if the government did not allow African Americans to work in defense factories: it worked! • Over a million African American men and women worked in defense plants for the first time, earning a goodwage.

  7. WWII Changes the Game • The war was about freedom and democracy, and when these men came back, that is what they wanted and expected. • Many black soldiers, sailors, and airmen served with dignity and honor.

  8. Executive Order 9981 Desegregating the Military • In 1946, President Truman met with Black leaders to discuss their top priorities: • A federal anti-lynching law (authorities in South often looked the other way). • Abolition of the poll tax as a voting requirement. • Establishment of a permanent body to prevent racial discrimination in hiring. • When Congress failed to pass any of these measures, Truman took action and in 1948 he issued an executive order to desegregate the armed forces, and ordered an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees

  9. Non-Violent Protest • Under the inspiration of Martin Luther King, Jr. (who was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi) non-violent protest becomes the defining tactic in the Civil Rights Era. • The idea of non-violent protest is to prove to the nation, through the media, that your cause is just. • His message preached love, not hate, to get white American support for the civil rights movement

  10. Method of Protest: The Courts • African Americans used the court system extensively to get their rights. • 1954, Brown vs. Board of Education proclaimed, “Separate is notEqual.” • Whites and blacks can now go to the same school!!! • Integration is a slow and tortuous experience for the South.

  11. NAACP • The NAACP was an African American Civil Rights group that used the courts extensively.

  12. Fighting Discrimination • After World War II, the NAACP’s campaign for civil rights continued to proceed. • Led by Thurgood Marshall, the NAACP’s Legal Defense Fund challenged and overturned many forms of discrimination.

  13. integration moved very quickly, especially in the South

  14. Integration at the schools • Little Rock High School in Arkansas was desegregated in 1957 by a federal court order. • Arkansas governor Orval Faubus ordered National Guard troops to keep students away. • President Eisenhower places the troops under his command and orders the U.S. Military to accompany the students to school.

  15. “Little Rock Nine” • They finished the year • Faubus closed all Little Rock High schools the next year, other governors did the same • 10 years after Brown vs. Board, 75% of Southern schools still segregated • Of the original 9, 4 returned

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