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Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin

Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin. Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton. Skeletal System. The bones of the skeleton form an internal framework to support soft tissues , protect vital organs , bear the body’s weight, and help us move .

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Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin

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  1. Human Anatomy, First EditionMcKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton

  2. Skeletal System • The bones of the skeleton form an internal framework to support soft tissues, protect vital organs, bear the body’s weight, and help us move. • Typically, there are 206 bones in an adult skeleton, although this number varies in some individuals. • A larger number of bones are present at birth, but the total number decreases with growth and maturity as some separate bones fuse.

  3. Skeletal System • The axial skeleton is composed of the bones along the central axis of the body, • the skull • the vertebral column • the thoracic cage • The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the appendages • upper and lower limbs • the bones that hold the limbs to the trunk of the body.

  4. The Skull • Cranial bones form the rounded cranium, which completely surrounds and encloses the brain. • Facial bones form the bones of the face. They also • protect the entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems as well as • provide attachment sites for facial muscles

  5. The Mandible • The lower jaw is formed by the mandible. • The prominent “chin” of the mandible is called the mental protuberance.

  6. Cavities of The Skull • The largest cavity is the cranial cavity, which encloses, cushions, and supports the brain. • The skull also has several smaller cavities, including the orbits (eye sockets), the oral cavity (mouth), the nasal cavity, and the paranasal sinuses.

  7. Markings of the Skull • Numerous bone markings • Canals; bony tubes through a thick bone • Fissures; cracks; longer than wide • Foramina; holes in thin bone • passageways for blood vessels and nerves

  8. Sutures of the Skull • Sutures are immovable fibrous joints that form the boundaries between the cranial bones. • Dense regular connective tissue seals cranial bones firmly together at a suture. • Allow the cranium to grow and expand during childhood. • In adulthood, when cranial growth has stopped, the sutures fuse and are obliterated.

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