Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy

1. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Starter: Write down what you think this picture is telling you. Homework: Produce a handwritten account of 50-100 words that tells me who Compeyson was, what his profession was and what happened to him? V2 140104

2. 2 • Learning Objectives: • As we study this poem you will learn about: • The story of the poem • The meaning of the title • The source for the poem • The poem’s themes • Dialogue poems • How the poem uses, • Symbolism & Metaphor: Enjambment: Tone: Imagery & Sensual Imagery: Oxymoron. • You will also complete some • summaries of slides, some • mini tasks, a quiz and an • assignment on the poem. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy With thanks to: Mr W’s English blog : http://www.helpmewithenglish.co.uk/

3. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy 3 Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dressyellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love's hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks.

4. 4 Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Background Miss Havisham is a central character from Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations(1861). Before the story in the novel starts, Miss Havisham was jilted on her wedding day and has remained in her house wearing her wedding dress from that day onward. He dining room is still set with the wedding breakfast as it was on her wedding day, nothing has been eaten (except by rats) or removed! She has sworn revenge on the male sex and has brought up a beautiful orphaned girl, Estelle who she uses to entrap men into falling in love with her. Estelle then suddenly ends the relationship with the man and breaks their hearts. This poem imagines Miss Havisham speaking her feelings in a modern way and is an outpouring of her bitterness and resentment. Jilted: To deceive or drop a lover suddenly or callously, especially by abandoning them on their wedding day. Callous: Emotionally hardened; unfeeling: indifferent to the suffering of others.

5. 5 Havisham Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dressyellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love's hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Mini Task 1 Look at the poem again and from what you have just read about the background to the poem, identify two phrases from each stanza that help to create an effective or accurate portrait of Miss Havisham.

6. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy 6 Mini Task 1 The poem concentrates on the nature of the Miss Havisham's feelings and the character's psychological/sexual nature.  The absence of the formal title ‘Miss’ also makes the poem focus on her loss and spinster state. So the lines for me which effectively communicate this are: Stanza 1 ‘Beloved sweetheart bastard’ : ‘wished him dead’ : ‘strangle with’ Stanza 2 ‘Spinster’ : Stink and remember : ‘Nooooo’ Stanza 3 ‘Puce curses‘ : ‘the lost body over me ‘Love’s….hate’ : Stanza 4 ‘Give me a male corpse ‘ : ‘I stabbed at a wedding cake ‘ : ‘heart that b-b-b-breaks’

7. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy 7 Mini Task 2: Write down what you think is the ‘story of the poem. (Be careful not to write the story of the story!) Havisham Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dressyellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love's hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks.

8. 8 Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Mini Task 2 : The Story of The poem (only summarise this) This poem is a monologue spoken by Miss Havisham (a character in Dickens' Great Expectations.) In the poem her legal title ‘Miss’ is omitted. She begins by telling the reader the cause of her trouble, a man who she describes as “beloved sweetheart bastard” which s a contradiction in terms, an oxymoron. She tells us that she has prayed so hard, with eyes closed and hands pressed together possibly clutching the ‘ropes’ of Rosary beads which she could strangle with. Her eyes have shrunk to hard green stones which implies jealousy and adds another motive to her murderous wish for revenge. The second stanza starts with the word ‘Spinster’ which defines her unmarried state and gives a clue as to why her ‘beloved sweetheart’ is a ‘bastard.’ She then describes her physical and emotional state; she ‘stinks’ from having worn her wedding dress for years without taking it off and her days in bed screaming ‘Nooooo’ show how emotionally damaged she is a result of being jilted. The stanza finishes with her questioning ‘who did this.’

9. 9 Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Mini Task 2 : The Story of The poem 2 (only summarise this) The question from Stanza 2 continues in to Stanza 3. It is not answered as she has done this to herself. Her fiancé might have been the cause of her unhappiness, but she has chosen to continue her life wallowing in self pity. She then talks about the anger she feels at the way she has been betrayed. This ironically leads on to the fantasies she still has about her fiancé which show that though she hates him for the humiliation he has caused her, she still love him. This is demonstrated by the oxymoronic enjambment that bridges the two stanzas ‘Loves…hate’. And in Stanza three the anger turn violent as she describes stabbing the wedding cake, a symbolic stabbing of her fiancé who she now imagines as a corpse. The poem ends implying that her mind/spirt as well as her heart has been broken. Oxymoron: two words used together which have, or seem to have, opposite meanings .

10. 10 Mini Task 3 • On your copy of the poem, highlight/underline one key words or phrases in from each line in Stanza 1. • What do you notice about the words you have underlined? • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy The poem in detail

11. 11 Mini Task 3 • On your copy of the poem, highlight/underline what you think are the Key Words/phrases in Stanza 1. • 1) For me these are: • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. • 2) They are words of hatred or violence. • Mini Task 4 • What tone is established then at the start of the poem? Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy The poem in detail

12. 12 • Mini Task 4 • What tone is established then at the start of the poem? • One of violence, anger and hatred. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy The poem in detail

13. 13 • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • This is an angry poem and this anger is established in the very first line through the oxymoron ‘sweetheart bastard’ which is a combination of 'love' (beloved sweetheart) and hatred (bastard).  And in case you have not got the message form the opening line we are then told that not a day has passed since she was jilted that she has not wished her fiancé ‘dead.’ • In writing this poem, Duffy assumes the reader possesses some knowledge of Dickens's character as she does not reference or explain anything about the circumstance that have lead up to this point in Miss Havisham’s life. What would seem to interest Duffy is Miss Havisham simultaneously loving and hating her ‘fiancée'; two opposing emotions which are at constantly at war with each other within her. • Mini Task 5: Summarise this slide. The poem in detail

14. 14 • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 6 • Identify the metaphor that is used in this stanza. The poem in detail

15. 15 • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 6 • Explain the metaphor that is used here? The poem in detail

16. 16 • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Her anger/hatred is so great that she has even asked for divine assistance to help her wreak her revenge….. • …..And her eyes have metaphorically become hard stones. • If eyes are the ‘window to the soul’ then her soul has • hardened too, enabling love to turn to hate. • Mini Task 7: If you haven’t explained the metaphor then • summarise this slide. The poem in detail

17. 17 • Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since thenI haven't wished him dead.Prayed for itso hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • This is a Catholic reference to Rosary Beads, which Roman Catholics use as an aid to counting prayers (and Carol Ann Duffy was brought up a Catholic.) As this image leads on from prayers, the ‘rope’ is literal and not metaphorical and creates an image of beads wrapped around her hand so tightly they look like age swollen veins on the back of her hands. • And, of course, she would be quite capable • of strangling someone with them, even if only • in her imagination! • [Note: Most analysis of the poem sees the ‘ropes’ as a • metaphor for swollen veins on the back of her hands.] The poem in detail Mini Task 8: Summarise this slide.

18. 18 • Spinster.I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dressyellowing, tremblingif I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this • . Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 9 • What tone is created by the first few words in this stanza? • How can you tell the first word is significant? • What is significant about ‘her, myself’? • What is significant about ‘trembling if’? • Write down what the key images are in this stanza. • What is significantabout the end of this stanza? The poem in detail

19. 19 • Spinster. I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dressyellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this • . Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 9 • What tone is created by the first few words in this stanza. • The tone is angry. ‘Spinster’ feels like it is spat out in hatred . Being • followed by ‘I stink’ helps emphasise the anger (and sense of self-hatred) • created by the first word. • How can you tell the first word is significant? • It is a one word sentence, which always draws our attention to the word. • What is significant about ‘her, myself’? • She does not immediately see the reflection in the mirror as herself, but a different person ‘her.’ Calling the reflection ‘her’ implies that what she sees is a person she hates, in other words she hates herself! The poem in detail

20. 20 • Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Noooooat the wall; the dressyellowing, tremblingif I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Write down what the key images are in this stanza. • I stink : Sensual (smell) imagery. After years of living in her wedding clothes. • in bed cawing Nooooo: A clear visual image of her crying in bed. • the dress yellowing : The dress should be white, but it has yellowed which • shows how long she has worn it. • trembling : in fear • mirror, full-length, her : Looking at herself in the mirror and hating the • woman she has become…..‘her’ not ‘me’.

21. 20 • Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole daysin bed cawing Noooooat the wall; the dressyellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this • What is significant about ‘trembling if’? • ‘if’ she opens the wardrobe, not ‘when’ she opens it. As she does not wear any other clothes than her wedding dress she does not nee to look in her wardrobe very often, but when she does she approaches the wardrobe ‘trembling’ in fear of seeing her reflection; and when she does see her reflection she hates herself and asks who did this to her….the answer is of course, herself (though she does try to blame her fiancé.) • What is significant about the end of this stanza? • Enjambment which asks the question she knows the answer to, but doesn't • want to admit. She has done this to herself and no one made her stay a • jilted bride, not even her fiancé who she blames for her spinsterhood. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy

22. 21 • to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love‘s Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 10 • What is the main form of imagery in this stanza? • Why ‘puce curses’ • Puce : a dark or brownish purple. The poem in detail

23. 22 • to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love‘s Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 10 • What is the dominant form of imagery in this stanza? • Sensual/sexual imagery. • ‘the lost body over me’ - a sexual act or possibly imagining the • consummation of her marriage on her wedding night. • ‘fluent tongue in its mouth in its ear’– there’s more than just ‘kissing’ • here because her tongue is ‘fluent’ and knows what it is doing. She is • describing a sexual fantasy here, a fantasy that because she is trapped • in her jilted state must only ever exist in her imagination, never to be • real. • ‘then down till  suddenly bite’ Down where, bite what? A very violent • and disturbing image that shows the level of her hatred. The poem in detail

24. 23 • to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its earthen down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love‘s Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 10 • Why ‘puce curses’ • Puce : a dark or brownish purple. • I don’t think she means ‘puce’ at all, but has shortened ‘Pusillanimous’ which means : • lacking courage or resolution; cowardly; faint-hearted; timid. • proceeding from or indicating a cowardly spirit. • and this makes much more sense in the context of a poem where the • central character is beset by self-recrimination and self-loathing. In other • words she feels she lacks the courage to act, to do something positive. • Instead she just wallows in endless self-pity, blaming her fiancée and • never herself for her predicament. The poem in detail

25. 24 • then down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love‘s • hate behind a white veil; a red balloon bursting Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 11 • What do you notice about the move from Stanza 3 to 4? The poem in detail

26. 25 • then down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love‘s • hate behind a white veil; a red balloon bursting • Mini Task 11 • What do you notice about the move from Stanza 3 to 4? • Enjambment….but this time it leads to the • second oxymoron in the poem ‘Love’s …. Hate’. • The fact that the oxymoron straddles the two • stanzas highlights the unstable nature of • Havisham's emotions. It also acts as a • commentary on the stanza as it moves from • the sensual imagery and ‘Love’ of Stanza 3 to • the from the violent and embitterment of • the ‘hate’ in Stanza 4. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy The poem in detail

27. 26 • hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 12 • Select one Key Word from each line and write it down. • Explain why you have chosen the words you have selected. • Explain what the red balloon might symbolise. • What should be behind the white veil? The poem in detail

28. 27 • hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks. • Mini Task 12 • Select one Key Word from each line and write it down. • For me these are: • ‘bursting’ : ‘stabbed’ : ‘corpse’ : ‘b-b-b-breaks’ • Explain why you have chosen the words you have selected. • The first three are violent. She stabs the cake, but in her imagination is stabbing her fiancé, who of course then becomes the corpse in the next line. The last is perhaps what the whole poem has been about. Miss Havisham has not only got a broken heart but a broken soul, mind, life and future prospects and the shattering of the word reflects the shattering of her life. • You could have as easily chosen ‘hate’ : ‘Bang’ : ‘honeymoon’ or ‘heart’ • instead of the words above. The choice is yours, the justification is what is important. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy

29. 28 • hate behind a white veil; a red balloon burstingin my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy • Mini Task 12 • Explain what the red balloon might symbolise. • The red balloon bursting is an odd, if interesting image. Whenever you get the contrast between red and white in a poem with violent imagery, the red usually symbolises blood in some way. As we have the reference to ‘hate’ before it and ‘stabbed’ in the next line, I feel the balloon represents her fiancée's ‘blood’ is as it sprays over her white wedding gown as she stabs him. • What should be behind the white veil? • It should be a face of love behind the wedding veil, not a face of hate. • Vocabulary - Symbolism: The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. The poem in detail

30. 29 • Mini Task 13 • How is the poem structured? • What form does the poem take? • What are the poem’s Key Features? • Look at the whole poem and find one example of: • assonance • alliteration. • Internal rhyme • Onomatopoeia • On your copy of the • poem use arrows  • to indicate enjambment. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Form & Structure

31. 29 • Mini Task 13 • How is the poem structured? • 4 stanzas of 4 lines. Free verse with 10-12 syllables per line. • What form does the poem take? • Monologue. • What are the poem’s Key Features? • Visual imagery and sensual imagery. • Find one example of • assonance • alliteration • Internal rhyme • Onomatopoeia Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Form & Structure

32. 31 • Mini Task 13 • How is the poem structured? • 4 stanzas of 4 lines. Free verse with 10-12 syllables per line. • What form does the poem take? • Monologue. • What are the poem’s Key Features? • Visual imagery and sensual imagery : Enjambment. • Find one example of • assonance • hard - dark : Puce curses : lost body over : long slow honeymoon • fluent tongue • alliteration • Beloved - bastard : me a male : balloon bursting • Internal rhyme • yellowing, trembling : Spinster – remember : cawing - wall; • Onomatopoeia • Bang : b-b-b-breaks. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Form & Structure

33. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy 33 Enjambment Beloved sweetheart bastard.  Not a day since then I haven't wished him dead.  Prayed for it  so hard I've dark green pebbles for eyes,ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with. Spinster.  I stink and remember.  Whole days  in bed cawing Nooooo at the wall; the dress  yellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe;the slewed mirror, full-length, her, myself, who did this  to me?  Puce curses that are sounds not words.Some nights better, the lost body over me,my fluent tongue in its mouth in its ear  then down till  suddenly bite awake.  Love's  hate behind a white veil; a red balloon bursting  in my face.  Bang.  I stabbed at a wedding cake.Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon.Don't think it's only the heart that b-b-b-breaks.

34. 34 ‘Miss Havisham has been driven mad by her desire for revenge. Lady Macbeth has been driven mad by guilt.’ Using examples from the play and poem to support your answer, discuss to what extent you agree or disagree with the above statement. 600-800 words by Thursday 27 Feb. Havisham - Carol Ann Duffy Assignment There is a very good American site with analysis of the poem. See http://www.shmoop.com/havisham-duffy/ …and a good article about Miss Havisham in Wikipedia. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Havisham