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Language and the Brain

Language and the Brain. Universidad de Santiago de Chile Lic. En Educación en Inglés Paradigmas Linguísticos Profesor: Miguel Farías Camila Contreras. How is language actually stored in and process by the brain?.

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Language and the Brain

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  1. Language and the Brain Universidad de Santiago de Chile Lic. En Educación en Inglés Paradigmas Linguísticos Profesor: Miguel Farías Camila Contreras

  2. How is language actually stored in and process by the brain? Neurolinguisticsthe study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use Psycholinguisticsthe study of the acquisition, storage, comprehension and production of language

  3. Physical Features of the Brain • It is divided into two nearly symmetrical halves

  4. Each part of the brain is responsible for processing certain kind of information • They are connected by a bundle of nerves Corpus callosum • They communicate with each other

  5. Cortex • A one-quarter-inch thick membrane that covers the brain • It makes human beings capable of higher cognitive functions • It contains most of language centers • It is covered with bumps and depression

  6. Even minor damage to the surface of the brain can result in language disorder

  7. Auditory Cortex • Responsible for receiving and identifying auditory signals and converting them into a form that can be interpreted by other areas of the brain

  8. Visual Cortex • It receives and interprets visual stimuli • It is the storage site for pictoral images

  9. Motor cortex • It is located in the upper middle of each hemisphere • It is responsible for sending signals to your muscles

  10. Language Centers • Production and comprehension of language • They mainly only in the left hemisphere

  11. Broca’s area • Located at the base of motor cortex • Responsible for organizing the articulatory patterns of language and directing the motor cortex when we want to talk • Control the use of inflectional morphemes and function morphemes

  12. Wernicke’s area • Located near the back section of the auditory cortex • It is involved in the comprehension of words and the selection of words when producing sentences

  13. Arcuate Fasciculus • A bundle of nerve fibers that connect Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area • So that they share information Mental lexicon looks up words via wernicke’s area then say them via broca’s area

  14. Angular Gyrus • Located between Wernicke’s area and the visual cortex • It converts visual stimuli into auditory stimuli (and viceversa) • Thus, we are allowed to match the spoken form of a word with the object it describes

  15. The flow of Linguistic Information How all the areas of the brain work together to process language It depends on • Type of stimulus • Type of linguistic result

  16. Speaking Wernicke’s area  arcuate fasciculus  broca’s area  motor cortex Reading Visual cortex  angular gyrus wernicke’s area Understanding Auditory cortex angular gyrus visual cortex  wernicke’s areabroca’s area motor cortex

  17. Lateralization • Each brain’s hemisphere is responsible for different cognitive functions Left hemisphere  analytic reasoning, temporal ordering, arithmetic and language Right Hemisphere  processing music, perceiving non-linguistic sounds, performing task (visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition

  18. It happens in early childhood • It can be recovered in initial stage if damaged

  19. Contralateralization • The connections between the brain and the body are almost completely contralateral The right side of the body  controlled by the left hemisphere The left side of the body  controlled by the right hemisphere

  20. Evidence • Dichotic Listening Test • Split Brains Patients • Hemispherictomies

  21. Language Disorders • Damage in the left hemisphere  aphasia • Aphasia  inability to perceive, process or produce language because of physical damage to the brain • Linguistic skills affected depend on where the brain damage is

  22. Broca’s Aphasia • Haltingly speaking • Speech without inflections and function words • Problems in producing • Articulatory problems • Difficulty matching the correct semantic interpretation to the syntactic order of the sentence

  23. Example Examiner: Tell me, what did you do before you retired? Aphasic: Uh, uh, uh, uh, pub, par, partender, no. Examiner: Carpenter? Aphasic: (shaking head yes) Carpenter, tuh, tuh, tenty year.

  24. Wernicke’s Aphasia • Receptive disorders • Misinterpreting what others say and responding in unexpected way • Tendency to produce semantically incoherent speech • Fluent but meaningless speech

  25. Example Examiner: Do you like it here in Kansas City? Aphasic: Yes, I am. Examiner: I’d like to have you tell me something about your problem Aphasic: Yes, I, ugh, can’t hill all of my way. I can’t tal all of the things I do, and part of the part I can go alright………

  26. Conduction Aphasia • Damage to the arcuate fasciculus • Sth like wernicke’s aphasia but showing signs of being able to comprehend the speech of others • Problems in transmission

  27. Alexia and Agraphia • Both caused by angular gyrus damage • Alexia Inability to read and comprehend written words • Agraphia Inability to write words

  28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK29RAKDzf8

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