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Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor

Semicon West July 2008. Using Information Technology to Address Energy Woes. Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor Director Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC) Scientific Co-Director Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) University of California at Berkeley.

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Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor

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  1. Semicon West July 2008 Using Information Technology to Address Energy Woes Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor Director Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC) Scientific Co-Director Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) University of California at Berkeley

  2. IT and Energy? • Information is Key! • Knowledge of when and where energy is used, as well as its cost, is essential in improving efficiency or utilization • Opens the door for effective and user-friendly control A “packet view” on energy Source: PowerNab

  3. Courtesy Pacific Gas & Electric California energy regulators approved a Pacific Gas and Electric Co. plan in 2006 to upgrade all of the company's residential electricity and natural gas meters, a five-year project that promises to change the way the utility's customers pay for power . . . S.F. Chronicle, July 20, 2006 “Micro-mote” sensor, with target of <$2.00 BOM Courtesy Pacific Gas & Electric

  4. The Opportunity:The Advent of Truly Ubiquitous Computing 3B 2B 1B 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 • Wireless subscribers expected to top 3 Billion in 2008! (40% penetration) • Mobile devices outnumber PCs 5:1 • In some growth areas close to 10:1 • Major Driver for Semiconductor Industry • Cell phone sales: 1B (2006); 1.15B (2007) • WIFI chipsets: 200M (2006); 280M (2007), 370 M (2008) Worldwide wireless subscribers

  5. Exponentials Bound to Continue • 5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN) • 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF) • 1000 wireless devices per person? EE Times, January 07, 2008 [Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]

  6. An Information-Technology Revolution From Batch Over Interactive To Immersion

  7. The Ubiquitous IT Scene Infrastructional core Sensory swarm Mobile access

  8. The Birth of “Societal IT Systems (SiS)” “A complex collection of sensors, controllers, compute nodes, and actuators that work together to improve our daily lives” • The Emerging Service Models • Intelligent data access and extraction • Immersion-based work and play • Environmental control, energy management and safety in “high-performance” homes • Power distribution with decentralized energy generation • Automotive and avionic safety and control • Management of metropolitan traffic flows • Distributed health monitoring

  9. The Opportunities are Just Humongous Emergency Preparedness & Defense against Terror Education Energy Efficiency Environmental Monitoring Health Care Transportation Service to the Third World Using IT

  10. IT and Energy– The Challenges • Energy efficiency of the IT network itself • Reliable universal coverage at all times!? • 7 trillion radios will quickly run out of spectrum … • Wireless is notoriously unreliable • Fading, interference, blocking • Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities • Large number of standards to co-exist • Devices vary in form-factor, size and energy source • The usage model • Efficient, easy-to-deploy, manageable services

  11. Columbia River Google Data Center, The Dalles, Oregon Energy Efficiency of The Network Infrastructure Sensory swarm Mobile Crucial at all levels of the systems hierarchy Y. Nuevo, ISSCC 04

  12. Energy-Efficiency of the IT Network • Different technology needs dependent upon place in network hierarchy • In “always-connected” world, energy-intensive tasks can be performed in “power-rich” backbone • Use energy when and where available UCB Infopad 1992 • Scavenge energy when available

  13. Reliable Connectivity at All (!) Times ? • Needs a fundamentally disruptive approach that utilizes the expensive resources (that are, energy and spectrum to the maximum extent) • These ideas are there – just needs the will • Collaborative wireless • Dynamic spectrum allocation • Connectivity Brokerage • An IP dominated world: • Energy as packets • Every appliance its IP address

  14. Concluding Reflections • Knowledge is the key to efficient energy utilization (and generation and distribution) • Automatic distributed control is next (e.g. microgrids) • Tremendous opportunities offered by the emerging distributed computing networks • Efficient realization requires a systems vision with communications and computations au par • Energy management services as a tremendous opportunity • Broad collaboration between systems and semiconductor industries, as well as industry and academia needed • Need for new benchmark libraries • Need theory of system design

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