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The Constitution of 1917

The Constitution of 1917. Carranza and the Constitutionalists. Fall 1916. Carranza issues call for the election of deputies to frame a new constitution. Excluded women Did not contemplate agrarian reform Labor = “right to work”

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The Constitution of 1917

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  1. The Constitution of 1917 Carranza and the Constitutionalists

  2. Fall 1916 • Carranza issues call for the election of deputies to frame a new constitution. • Excluded women • Did not contemplate agrarian reform • Labor = “right to work” • Labor Organizations = “lawful purposes” and “peaceful” assemblies. • Unsatisfactory to a majority of the deputies that formed the radical wing of the convention.

  3. Francisco Mugica • Spokesman for the left wing • Article 3 – struck a heavy blow to church influence over education. Forbid “religious corporations” from establishing or conducting schools.

  4. Hemila Galindo • Women were very interested in Articles 34 and 35, which dealt with citizenship and voting rights. • Argument – women paid taxes, obeyed the same laws, and participated in the revolutionary struggle. • Ultimately, women were denied citizenship and political rights. • Small victory for women with Article 123, dealing with rights of labor.

  5. Article 27 • Property rights – national ownership of water and soil were inalienable, but individual and companies could obtain concessions for their exploitation. • Agrarian provisions – if pueblos needed more land, they could acquire it by expropriation from neighboring haciendas.

  6. Progressive Law Code • Massive assault on the latifundio • Weakening power of the church • Regulation of foreign capital • Not anti-capitalist = protection of private property and control, not elimination foreign enterprises. • Favorable conditions for developing national capitalism.

  7. Carranza’s Presidency • In 1917, he became the first legally elected president since Madero. • Obregon, his secretary of war resigned because he distrusted the men around Carranza as reactionaries of the Porfiriato. • The 3 remaining years of his presidency were marked by a sharp swing to the right or conservative side.

  8. Conservative Carranza • Did not implement many of the reform articles of the constitution. • Land was not redistributed; corruption existed on a massive scale; working class continued to suffer; and free education was ignored. • Foreign policy – marked by genuine revolutionary nationalism (resisted US pressure and remained neutral throughout WWI).

  9. Carranza’s Problems • Carranza’s forces battled with Zapata in the South and Villa in the North. • Carranza’s legal term was up in 1920, and per the constitution was not allowed to run for reelection. • Tried to extend it by establishing a puppet president. • This was rejected and he was killed. Obregon and his Labor Party assumed control of Mexico.

  10. Video Clips – The Storm that Swept Mexico • Carranza to Obregon • Obregon to Calles

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