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Forerunners of the Constitution

Forerunners of the Constitution. Magna Carta (1215). “The Great Charter” at Runnymede Military and heavy taxes Dispute over Kings powers Arbitrary acts? Limited Government Power to parliament (some) Protect power of barons English Liberties Protections? “Rule of Law” Revisions….

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Forerunners of the Constitution

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  1. Forerunners of the Constitution

  2. Magna Carta (1215) • “The Great Charter” at Runnymede • Military and heavy taxes • Dispute over Kings powers • Arbitrary acts? • Limited Government • Power to parliament (some) • Protect power of barons • English Liberties • Protections? • “Rule of Law” • Revisions…

  3. Petition of Right • Charles I • Taxes • Imprisonment • Taxes • Housing

  4. English Common Law • 1689 – English Bill of Rights • No standing army in peacetime without parliaments consent • Parliaments elections must be free • Suspend laws? • No new taxes without parliament • Petition does not equal prosecution and persecution • Law created and refined by judges • Prevent the king from putting law in his mouth • Fair Trial • No excessive bail • No cruel and unusual punishment

  5. English Bill of Rights continued… • Open Debate in Parliament • Freedom of Speech? • Protestants can bear arms • Habeas Corpus (Body of Evidence) • No Roman Catholic Monarchs

  6. Mayflower Compact (1620) • Battle for Liberty: America or England • 1623 – Jury • 1636 – Plymouth Code

  7. Colonial Charters • Companies • Legal Rights and Terms • Purpose, Trade, Land, Authority • Landlords/Companies (source of power) • Representative Government • Separation of powers • We’ll look at different types and the colonies next

  8. John Locke • “Two Treatises of Government” (1689) • Idea of social contract • Divine right? • Born free • State of nature • Rights to Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness • Government to protect these • Rule by majority not extemporaneous ideas • People should overthrow corrupt government

  9. Calvin • Calvinism • Settlers in Mid-Atlantic and New England • English (Puritans), French, Dutch, Etc. • 5 points • Total depravity (original sin) • Self over neighbor • Self interest • Not inclined to love God with whole heart • Need government to protect people from one another • Protestant Work Ethic

  10. Adam Smith • 1776 – “Wealth of Nations” • Free market economics • Individual wealth = overall wealth • Government regulations vs Economy • Merit and Meritocracy

  11. What is next?!?! The colonies, The Declaration, and the Constitution (oh yeah, the Articles of Confederation too!!)

  12. Which document do you believe had the greatest influence on the Constitution of the United States? • Provide Examples • Explain the basic protections outlined in the English Bill of Rights • Why would those who live in the colonies expect these to apply to them overseas?

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