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AppLens and LaunchTile: Two Designs for One-Handed Thumb Use on Small Devices

AppLens and LaunchTile: Two Designs for One-Handed Thumb Use on Small Devices. Amy Karlson, Ben Bederson Computer Science Department Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL) University of Maryland John SanGiovanni Microsoft Research Microsoft Corporation. Why One-Handed Interaction?.

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AppLens and LaunchTile: Two Designs for One-Handed Thumb Use on Small Devices

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  1. AppLens and LaunchTile:Two Designs forOne-Handed Thumb Useon Small Devices Amy Karlson, Ben Bederson Computer Science Department Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL) University of Maryland John SanGiovanni Microsoft Research Microsoft Corporation

  2. Why One-Handed Interaction? • One hand occupied • Attention divided among tasks • Unstable environment • Two handed use unnatural

  3. Input and Interaction on Existing Devices • Smartphones • Input: Hardware Buttons • Interaction: One-handed Keypad-mapped functions Directional navigation • Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) • Input: Touch Sensitive Display Hardware Buttons • Interaction: Two-handed Small software targets Directional navigation

  4. Design Goal • Scalable User Interface (ScUI) • Single design & interaction architecture • Multiple resolutions & aspect ratios • University of Maryland’s PocketPiccolo.NET toolkit for Zoomable User Interfaces (ZUIs) iMate Smartphone II HP iPAQ PocketPC

  5. 9 Application Tiles Fisheye Zoom Command-Based Gestures 36 Application Tiles Pure Zoom Direct Manipulation Gestures One Application, Two Designs AppLens: Fisheye+Pan LaunchTile: Zoom+Pan

  6. Related Work • Gestures using Position & Orientation • General Purpose [Reikimoto 1996] [Hinkley 2000] • Text Entry [Sazawal 2002 ] [Widgdor 2003] • Gestures with Stylus • App Specific [Buyukkokten 2000] [Baudisch 2004] • Text Entry [Perlin 1998] [Wobbrock 2003] • Thumb-BasedHardware Apple iPod Jackito PDA

  7. Three (fisheye) zoom levels Notification Context Full AppLens Visual Design • Generalized tabular fisheye • Motivated by DateLens calendar

  8. AppLens Interaction Design • Input cursor • Command gestures • Issued anywhere • Access distant widgets • Don’t interfere with tap AppLens Video Interactive prototype based on images Reference study We thank Francois Guibmretière for suggesting the arc-based design

  9. LaunchTile Visual Design • Three (pure) zoom levels • “Blue” • Navigation Landmarks World Zone Application

  10. LaunchTile Visual Design • Three (pure) zoom levels • “Blue” • Navigation Landmarks 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 7 8 World Zone Application

  11. LaunchTile Visual Design • Three (pure) zoom levels • “Blue” • Navigation Landmarks World Zone Application

  12. LaunchTile Visual Design • Three (pure) zoom levels • “Blue” • Navigation Landmarks World Zone Application

  13. LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets World

  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets World

  15. LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets World Zone

  16. LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 5 World Zone

  17. LaunchTile Interaction Design 2 • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 5 6 4 8 World Zone

  18. LaunchTile Interaction Design 2 • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 1 3 5 6 4 7 9 8 World Zone

  19. LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets World Zone Application

  20. LaunchTile Interaction Design 1 2 3 • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 6 4 9 7 World Zone Application

  21. LaunchTile Interaction Design 1 2 3 • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 5 6 4 9 7 World Zone Application

  22. LaunchTile Interaction Design 1 2 3 • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets 5 6 4 9 7 World Zone Application

  23. LaunchTile Interaction Design • Thumb-sized, keypad-mapped targets • Direct Manipulation Drag Gestures • Zoomspace • Application content • Toolglass World Zone Application LaunchTile Video Interactive prototype based on images Reference study

  24. AppLens Command Gesture Study • Gestures learnable with minimal training? • Participants • 20 (12 Male, 8 Female) • 12 advanced computer users • 6 regular PDA users • Time • Training: 5-15 minutes • Tasks: 15-30 minutes Gesture Study

  25. Methods • Measures • Correctness and Speed • Correctness and Efficiency • Tasks • Gesture • Navigation • Environment • Hierarchical • Tabular • Zoomable Video Gesture Study

  26. Results • Gesture Tasks% Correct Speed (sec) • Directional 93% 1.2 • Activate / Cancel 87% 2.7 • Backward / Forward 67% 3.6 • Navigation Tasks • 95% correct • +2.4 gestures per task • Most of the problems from one third of users • Subjective Reactions on 9-Point Scale • All between 5.9 - 6.75 (9 was best) Gesture Study

  27. Discussion Backward Up Activate • Errors from recall or execution? • Logs indicate both • Navigation better than Action Gestures • Spatial mapping helps learnability • Abstract mappings require more effort • Similar mappings can be confusing Right Left Forward Deactivate Down Gesture Study

  28. Formative Study Comparing Designs • Goals: • Usability issues • Comparative preferences • Participants: • 10 (8 Male, 2 Female) • All advanced computer users • 4 regular PDA users • Time: • 45 minutes: 15 per interface, 15 discussion Comparative Study

  29. Method • Software: • Tasks: • Exercised navigation & interaction features • Measures: • Subjective reactions • Comparative preferences Comparative Study

  30. Results: AppLens • Likes • Easy to learn • Effective to navigate • Comfortable • Fisheye valuable • Simultaneous access to apps • Usability Issues • Gestures were hardest part Comparative Study

  31. Results: LaunchTile • Likes • Effective to navigate • Comfortable • “Blue” • Access to many apps • Dislikes • Too many apps • Usability Issues • Multi-modal “Blue” • Disorienting • Panning in Zone view Comparative Study

  32. Results: AppLens vs. LaunchTile • With minimal training, AppLens preferred • Easier to use • Faster application access • Better at-a-glance value • For own PDA use Comparative Study

  33. Discussion • AppLens beats LaunchTile? • Not necessarily • AppLens was simpler, shallower, fewer apps • Easier to learn and manage under time constraints • Performance unaffected by device limitations • General Observations • Tapping used more than gestures • Utility of notification tiles Comparative Study

  34. Conclusion • Promising Interfaces: • One-handed • Notification-based • Tappable • Unknown: • Scalable interfaces • Potential Challenge: • Gesture-based interfaces

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