Unit 2 causes of the american revolution

1. Unit 2 causes of the american revolution • American Revolution • Declaration of Independence • Shot Heard around the World • Constitution • Federal Govt takes shape • George Washington alliance with the French

2. The French and Indian War • British Suggested that the colonies organize under a federal govt. This was called the Albany plan of union. • The French and Indian War was the British and its Indian allies and the French and its Indian allies. • Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763. Ending French power in North America. Britain the loan super power in North America

3. Discontent • 1763 Natives started attacking forts and towns • Proclamation of 1763- This limited western settlement from going across the Appalachians mountains • Taxes • Sugar act- changed tax rates on sugar, molasses imported from foreign colonies. (also silk, wine, coffee, pimento) • Taxation w/o represntation

5. Proclamation line of 1763

6. Stamp Act Crisis • Stamp act 1765- required for most printed material . • Newspapers, pamphlets, wills, dice, and playing cards

7. Declaratory act- which gave England the power to make laws for the colonies. • Townshend Acts- Charles Townshend introduced a new set of Regulations and taxes • Revenue act of 1767- new customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea. • Allowed for writs of assistance- British officials right to seize property without following due process.

8. Boston Massacre • Sons of liberty encouraged colonist to support the boycott of British goods. • 1770 British troops fired into colonist in Boston killing a man named Crispus Attucks. • This became known as the Boston massacre.

9. Son’s of Liberty tarring and feathering tax collectors

11. Britain started intercepting colonist ships in the Atlantic ocean smuggling goods. • Thomas Jefferson- wanted colonies to create committee of correspondence-communication between colonies what Britain is doing. • Unified colonies more

12. Boston Tea party • Dec. 1773 tea ships arrived from British east India company and colonist boarded ships and dumped tea in harbor. Became known as Boston tea party.

14. Boston Tea Party led to British passing the Intolerable acts. • Boston harbor closed • Military governor over Massachusetts • Expanded Canadian boarder.

15. 1st continental congress • First Continental congress met in Philadelphia. 1774 • Wrote the declaration of rights and Grievances- which expressed loyalty to the king but condemned the coercive acts. • A plan for every town to boycott British goods

16. Revolution Begins • . Town of concord created a special unit called the minutemen • Minutemen- trained and ready to fight the British at a minute’s warning.

17. Colonist divided • Loyalists- remained loyal to the king and felt British laws should be upheld. • Govt. officials, merchants, landowners • Patriots- thought the British were tyrants. • Artisans, farmers, planters, urban workers

18. First shots of the war. • General Gage were going to seize a supply depot in concord. • To get there British army need to pass through Lexington. • Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent to Lexington to warn the people the British were coming (midnight Ride) • Dr. Samuel Prescott went to warn people of concord.

19. Midnight ride of Paul Revere

20. Shot Heard Around the World • First shots of the war were at Lexington . • This is the shot heard around the world. • Concord there were about 400 minutemen. They pushed back the British.

22. Battle at bunker Hill • Battle of bunker Hill- colonist turned back two British advances. • Proved colonist could stand with the British army.

23. Decision for Independence • July 1775 Continental Congress sent the olive branch petition to the king. • Stated the colonist were still loyal to the king • Same time radicals in Congress had ordered an attack on British troops in Quebec.

24. Thomas Paine wrote the pamphlet called common sense which inspired the colonist to call for independence.

26. July 4 1776 Committee approved a document Thomas Jefferson had wrote most of the Declaration of Independence • The continental congress issued the Declaration of independence • The American Revolution had begun.

27. The two sides • British • Gen William Howe commander of a disciplined, well grained, and well equipped British army. • Continental Army- Army of colonist George Washington commander • Was inexperienced, poorly equipped and had difficulty keeping soldiers

29. British army had to fight the continental army and local militias. • Militias often used Guerilla warfare- hid behind trees, walls and then ambushed troops • British needed to win war quickly before public opinion changed. • .

30. Northern Campaign • George Washington planned unexpected winter attacks on the British mercenaries called Hessians at Trenton an Princeton, NJ • He Lead his troops across the Delaware river. • Continental Army camped at Valley Forge for the rest of the winter. • Conditions were terrible at valley forge but Washington trained his army

33. Saratoga- is where 5000 British troops were taken prisoners and was the turning point of the war. • This convinced France to send troops • Feb 1778- Americans signed two treaties with France. • France 1st country to recognize the U.S. as independent country

35. War at sea • American Warships attacked British merchant ships to disrupt trade. • Congress issued letters of marque- licenses to private ships owners authorizing them to attack British merchant ships.

36. Southern Campaign • The British started focus attention on south, they thought they had more loyalist support • . • Charles Cornwallis took over for Clinton in south.

37. War in South • Battle at kings mountain- the militia destroyed the loyalist army. This battle was turning point of war in the south. • Francis Marion (swamp Fox)- most famous person who led hit and run raids on British camps.

39. We won the war. • Spring 1781 British invaded Virginia, hoping to keep the south • General Cornwallis linked up with Benedict Arnold to conquer Virginia. • Cornwallis troops had to retreat to Yorktown. • American and French troops surrounded Yorktown and the British surrendered on Oct 1781.

40. Treaty of Paris was signed on September3, 1783. • British recognized the U.S. as a new nation with Mississippi River as it western border.

41. Chapter 5 section 1 • Nov 1777, continental congress adopted the articles of confederation. – loose union of that states under congress. 1stgovt of United States • Articles- had power to declare war, raise armies and sign treaties . • National level could not impose taxes or regulate trade and only met once a year.

42. Shay’s rebellion- Massachusetts 1786 raised taxes • Farmers could not pay tax. Daniel shay led a rebellion with about 1200 farmers. They tried to seize a state arsenal. • This showed the weakness of the articles of confederation. Needed a stronger national govt.

43. Articles are Weak • Weaknesses • Federal govt Could not tax • Congress needed 9 states to pass a law • Congress had no power to enforce laws • Did not provide for a governor or courts • States could ignore laws • United States won its independence from england. • Peace treaty of Paris 1783.

44. People who supported a strong central govt. were called nationalist. • Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton • Virginia Plan • National govt. made up of 3 branches of Govt. • Congress would be two houses(bicameral) based on population • Benefited large states.

45. New Jersey Plan • Wanted to Revise the articles to make central govt. stronger • Congress single house(unicameral) with each state having equal representation • Benefited small states

46. Compromises • Great Compromise • House of Representatives- states represented according to population • Senate would have equal representation • Voters elected house of representatives • State legislature would choose the senators

47. Three-fifths compromise- for every five enslaved people they would count as three free person. • Determining Representation and taxes • The new constitution would need 9 our of 13 states to ratify it. • 3/5 and great compromises deal with representation in congress

48. Constitution • Constitution based on popular sovereignty- rule by the people. • Federalism- divided govt. between national and state • Separation of powers among the 3 branches • Legislative- make laws(two houses) • Executive – enforce laws • Judicial –interpret • Montesquieu said need 3 branches (S o P)

49. 5 Principles of the Constituion • 1 .Checks and balances • Keeps one branch from becoming to powerful. Each branch can check or restrain the power of the other. • Amendments- change to constitution • Proposal has to have 2/3 of congress • Ratified by 3/4 of the states.

50. 2. popular sovereignty- will of the people