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Periodic Table - Chemical Families

Periodic Table - Chemical Families. Families on the Periodic Table. Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

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Periodic Table - Chemical Families

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  1. Periodic Table - Chemical Families

  2. Families on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with • other elements.

  3. Hydrogen Hydrogen: Atom: H Ion: [H]+ * Oils + Hydrogen  Fats * Metal + Acid  Hydrogen - popping test

  4. Group 1 – Alkali Metals Alkali  Base • Very reactive in water • Forms a basic solution • One valence electron Atom: Na Ion: [Na]+  Ne • Soft • Low melting point • Made through electrolysis • NaCl(l) + electricity  2Na + Cl2

  5. Flame Test • Na  yellow • K  violet • Li  red Group 1 - Alkali Metals Complete Questions #6.1-6.5 on p. 205

  6. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals • Make basic solutions in water • Higher melting pt. than group 1 • Harder than group 1 • 2 valence electrons • Atom: Ca • Ion: [Ca]2+

  7. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals Flame Test: Ca  orange red Sr  intense red Ba  yellow-green

  8. Hard Water: • Ca2+ or Mg2+ • reacts with soap to make scum • reacts with Na2CO3 – washing soda to make precipitate • Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3(s) Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals Complete Questions #6.6-6.9 on p. 211

  9. Malleable • Ductile • Less dense than iron • Conducts heat and electricity • Makes an oxide coating for protection Group 13 - Aluminum

  10. Nonmetal C - organic Semimetal Si, Ge Metal Sn, Pb Carbon Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Combustion: CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O CO2 = greenhouse gas *read 2nd paragraph on p. 213 Group 14 - Carbon

  11. Group 14 - Allotropes Allotropes: • Same element but different structures • Carbon  graphite, diamonds, fullerene • Each have different chemical + physical properties

  12. Group 14 - Silicon Silicon • SiC – silicon carbide – very hard – network solid • 2nd most abundant element on earth

  13. Group 15 - Nitrogen

  14. Group 15 - Nitrogen • Nitrogen Fixation: making usable nitrogen compounds

  15. Group 15 - Nitrogen • Making Ammonia NH3 Haber Process

  16. Group 15 - Nitrogen Allotropes • Phosporous White Red Violet Black

  17. Group 16 - Oxygen Oxygen • 20% of air • Allotrope  O2 vs O3 (ozone) Sulfur • Yellow • Allotrope: rhombic, monoclinic, amorphous • S8 • Acid rain • Burning things with sulfur dioxide SO2 + H2O  H2SO4

  18. Group 17 - Halogens • Highly reactive • 7 valence electrons Atom: Ion:

  19. Group 18 – Noble Gases • Inert • Stable octet • Monatomic (He) vs Diatomic (H2, O2, N2, Cl2, F2, Br2, I2) • As you go down group, more attraction, higher Boiling Point

  20. Complete Questions #6.14-6.17 on p. 231 Review Video

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