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IPM IN SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE France

IPM IN SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE France. MODULE C9. Definition of sustainable vine growing.

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IPM IN SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE France

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  1. IPMIN SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE France MODULE C9

  2. Definition of sustainable vine growing • « Global initiative in terms of grape production and processing systems, integrating the economic sustainability of the structures and territories concerned, the obtainment of quality products, the requirements of precision viticulture, the risks for the environment, the safety of products and the health of consumers, and the promotion of the related heritage, historical, cultural, ecological and regional values » • SOURCES: • www.oiv.int • Resolution Vienna OIV CST 2004

  3. Stakes of sustainable viticulture SUSTAINABLE GRAPE GROWING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS VINEYARD/PLOT REGIONAL /TERROIR PLANET Effect on benificial insects • Natural resources • Biodiversity • Effects on associated • Resistance • ecosystems Residues • Air pollution • • Water Greenhouse effect • • Landscapes 1970 - 1980 1980 - 1990 1990 - present Best management Integrated production Sustainability (future generations)

  4. Sustainable management of territories et terroirs SOILS MICROBIOLOGY RUNOFF/ erosion MANAGEMENT OF BY PRODUCTS WINERIE WASTE WATER SPRAYERS WASHING

  5. Wind break Biodiversity support(shelter, food) Run-off anderosionlimitation Attractive elements of landscape Bug (Lygaeus equestris) Red mite Fly Bee Lichens Fern (Aspleniumadiantum nigrum) Saponariamuralis Cymbariamuralis Geraniumrobertianum Moss Sedum album Landscape management • Promoting and maintaining a high biological diversity in the ecosystem of the vineyard • Use of cover crops to promote biodiversity or pesticides transfer • Assessment of the environmental impact of pesticides Thrips

  6. Major themes and issues • Respect of the environment and sustainability • Reduction in chemical inputs, particularly those from non-renewable sources • Assessment of the environmental risk and impact of chemicals used • Avoiding ground water pollution • Correct storage and application of pesticides • Multiple use of vineyard areas

  7. Vine management- Manure- Tying- Irrigation Varieties improvementby sexual way Stimulating Natural Defenses Transformation by molecular way Grafting Biodefense factors

  8. Weed control • Reducing herbicide use (cover cropping, mulch, vineyard management) • Mechanical and thermal control

  9. Disease control • Prophylaxis • Reduce the vegetative vigour • Aerate the grapes • Identify diseased areas into the field to prevent further spread • Eliminate the abandoned or dieseased grapevines • Decision support systems: • to improve the efficacy of plant protection by determining the right timing for fungicide sprays. • to lead to a reduced number of sprays by avoiding unnecessary treatment with fungicides, particularly at the beginning of the season or during periods of low disease pressure. • Use of microbial agents or elicitors • Mainly Ampelomyces quisqualis: fungal antagonist of powdery mildew agent (registrated only in Italy and Switzerland) • Experimental: Trichoderma, Ulocladium, Fusarium, elicitors

  10. 1 - Climate : weather centres network Objective Validation and decision Scale treatment the small wine region 3 - Parasite : models 2 - Plant : Network ofuntreated control System in Interaction with the soil Modeling systems:climate x plant x pests Pesticide treatment OPTIDOSE

  11. Pests control • Mating disruption for the control of grape berry moths • Beneficials against mites

  12. Pesticides management • When filling- avoid the risk of a overflowing - avoid return of water into the bucket • When cleaning • Export the recuperation packs

  13. During the spraying • Avoid or limit the drift • Avoid transfers respecting the untreated areas H = helicopter C = cannon % active ingredient measuredon the soil outside the treated area(grapevines at 4 leaves) H = 19% C = 11% F = 5% J = 1% Distance from treated area J = Joco(recycling) F = Fischer minitrac

  14. The appropriate rate to the leaf surface • Quantity minimum effectiveQuality of the equipment adjustementAdaptation to the parasite pressure (modelling) and to total leaf area (TLA) % of registrated rate to spray TLA 2to3leaves FloPress FloSep Flowering Setting Pea-sized Touching Ripening

  15. Breakdown of active ingredients • Spraying residues are spread in a watertight pit which contains a mixture of soil and straw. The process of biodegradation of the straw optimizes the elimination of pesticides.

  16. Conclusion: Response to general principles of IPM • Environment: • Reduced quantities of pesticides: general principle 6 • Non chemical measures: general principle 4 • Economy: • Margins • Agronomy: • Monitoring and DSS : general principle 2 • Prophylaxis : general principle 1 • Choice of products : general principle 5 • Resistance management: : general principle 7 • Limitation of dose: general principle 6 • Level thresholds : general principle 3

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