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Natural Gas

Natural Gas. By: Sarah Joyce and Maggie Branham Period 7. Hydraulic Fracturing ( fracking ).

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Natural Gas

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  1. Natural Gas By: Sarah Joyce and Maggie Branham Period 7

  2. Hydraulic Fracturing (fracking) • In the process of fracking, a well is drilled, generally 8,000 feet deep, then about 1-8 million gallons of water, sand and proprietary chemicals are injected, under high pressure, into the well. The pressure fractures the shale and props open fissures that enable natural gas to flow more freely out of the well. • In 2005, the Bush/ Cheney Energy Bill exempted natural gas drilling from the Safe Drinking Water Act. It exempts companies from disclosing the chemicals used during hydraulic fracturing. Essentially, the provision took the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) off the job. It is now commonly referred to as the Halliburton Loophole.

  3. Advantages • It produces less pollution than other fossil fuels; emitting half as much carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced as coal and two-thirds as much as oil. • Abundant supply in the US (estimated 1.8 trillion barrels) • Produces no waste or residue to deal with

  4. Disadvantages • Non-renewable, emits carbon dioxide, contains 80-95% methane, explosive • Requires extensive pipelines to transport over land • Significant environmental risks associated with fracking • Water pollution due to runoff of chemicals • Could affect drinking water • Not regulated, companies are not required to disclose the composition of fracking chemicals • Fracking has been linked to earthquakes

  5. Technology •  A drill is used to extract it however Americans use a horsehead pump. This pump moves a rod in and out of a shaft, creating pressure to pull both natural gas and crude oil to the surface. Since sources of natural gas are being used up a new technique was created called fracturing which is to pump salt water under high pressure into rocks to crack them and then glass is inserted to keep the rocks open.

  6. Extraction • Most of the gas that is extracted is thermogenic and is found above deposits of crude oil or seams of coal. WWII helped improve technologies in welding and pipes which made it easier to extract the gas. Too extract natural gas, a drill is drilled into an opening and because of pressure and low molecule weight the gas moves upward.

  7. USES • Commercial use: Natural Gas is used in massive cooking or water heating and on site energy production • Industrial: The use of natural gas for heating, lighting and cooling purposes is typical in industrial settings. Natural gas performs numerous industrial functions, including incineration of waste, boiler fuel, drying and as a feedstock for a variety of products. Natural gas is used for the production of methanol (a widely used alcohol). It is also used for desiccant dehumidification in industries.

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