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Introduction to Zoology

Introduction to Zoology. Classification of Animals. Review. Biology is the study of life… So what makes something living?. All living things must:. Be made up of at least 1 cell that contains genetic material (DNA) Reproduce (sexually or asexually)

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Introduction to Zoology

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  1. Introduction to Zoology Classification of Animals

  2. Review • Biology is the study of life… • So what makes something living?

  3. All living things must: • Be made up of at least 1 cell that contains genetic material (DNA) • Reproduce (sexually or asexually) • Grow (increase in size, mature, develop, etc.) • Metabolize (have a need and use for energy) • Respond to stimuli

  4. That’s all fine and good, but when do we get to the animals? • Zoology-the study of animals • Two Major Categories: • Vertebrates-have a backbone • Invertebrates-do not have a backbone • Vertebrate or Invertebrate?

  5. Characteristics of Animals • All multicellular (metazoans) • Eukaryotes (cells with nucleus & organelles) • Cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast • Ingestive heterotrophs (take in food and internally digest it) • Store food reserves as glycogen

  6. Besides having the characteristics of living things, animals also: • Carry out the following life processes: 1.) Locomotion: • Motile-can move from one location to another on their own • Sessile-cannot move from place to place, but do have moving parts Motile Sessile

  7. Ingestion Life Processes continued • Ingestion-take in food • Digestion-chemical breakdown of food • Assimilation- using the substances obtained from food and utilizing it for growth • Excretion-waste removal • Respiration-taking in O2 and breaking down glucose to release energy

  8. Classification • So now that we’ve got all these animals, how do we make sense of it all? • TAXONOMY! • Taxonomy-Science of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

  9. Linnaean Classification System • Created by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) • Before Linnaeus, organisms were classified based on their type of locomotion and physical characteristics • Problem? Names were too long, and people describe things differently. • Utilizes binomial nomenclature- a two name system (genus and species) • Names are in Latin • Ex: Homo sapiens

  10. Scientific Name • First name is genus; second name is species • 3 Rules For Scientific Name • Italicized or underlined • Genus name is Capitalized • Species name is lower-case • Example: Tursiopstruncatus

  11. The Modern Classification System • 7 Taxa: • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  12. Kingdom Animalia • Has 7 Major Phyla • Porifera • Cnidaria • Annelida • Mollusca • Arthropoda • Echinodermata • Chordata

  13. Phylum Porifera • Porifera- “pore bearer” • Sponges • Simplest of all animals • Filter feeders • No true tissues or organs

  14. Phylum Cnidaria • Includes hydras, sea anemones, jelly fish, and coral • Have stinging cells for defense and prey capture • Simple body plan (gastrovascular body cavity with one opening)

  15. Phylum Annelida • Annelid- “little ring” • Includes marine worms, earthworms, leeches • Bodies are segmented

  16. Phylum Mollusca • Includes snails, octopusses, squids, clams, mussels, conchs, etc. • Have a shell (either external or internal) • Have a mantle lining the shell

  17. Phylum Arthropoda • Arthropoda- “jointed foot” • Most diverse group • Includes crabs, lobsters, insects, spiders • Have an exoskeleton (outer hard covering is their skeleton)

  18. Phylum Echinodermata • Includes sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and brittle stars. • Radially symmetrical • Posess a water vascular system- fluid filled channels that function in gas exchange, locomotion and feeding.

  19. Phylum Chordata • VERTEBRATES! • Characterized by the presence of a vertebral column • Includes 5 classes • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

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