THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. THE IMPACT OF THEINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. Essential Question: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?

3. The IMPACT of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution increased production, lowered the cost of goods, and led to new technologies. But the Industrial Revolution had negative impacts as well.

4. POSITIVE IMPACTS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE FIRST ELEVATOR The 1853 World’s Fair in New York City showcased the latest technology around the world. Thanks to developments in the Industrial Revolution, the world got to see…

5. POSITIVE IMPACTS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION NEW IRON-PURIFYING METHODS The 1853 World’s Fair in New York City showcased the latest technology around the world. Thanks to developments in the Industrial Revolution, the world got to see…

6. POSITIVE IMPACTS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE FIRST QUADRACYCLE (machine gun not included) The 1853 World’s Fair in New York City showcased the latest technology around the world. Thanks to developments in the Industrial Revolution, the world got to see…

7. DOMESTIC vs. FACTORY During the time of the Industrial Revolution, we saw change in how business was done. ON THE WAY OUT: the Domestic System (or “cottage industry”), where workers made goods in their own homes. ON THE RISE: the Factory System, where goods were mass produced by machines in factories

8. Working Conditions and Wages

9. Working Conditions and Wages The factory system was a major change for European workers: • Factory work became less skilled • Factory conditions were often extremely dirty, dangerous, and unhealthy • Workers had long hours (12-16 hours per day) • Factory workers were not paid well; women and children were paid less than men • Owners required workers “clock in” and limited their breaks to increase production

14. WHEN WORKING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS…

15. AN INJURY LIKE THIS HAPPENED OFTEN

16. Conditions in Coal Mines

17. Conditions in Coal Mines The invention of the steam engine increased demand for coal: • Coal production grew from 5 million tons in 1750 to 23 million tons in 1830 • Men, women, and children were used to labor in mines • Mines were unhealthy and dangerous: lung disease, poison gas, drowning, explosions, and cave-ins were common hazards for workers

21. Child Labor

22. Child Labor The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many children: • Rather than working for their parents on family farms, many children in the cities worked in factories, brickyards, or mines • Living in cities was expensive so poor families needed their kids to work • Child workers earned 10% of an adult wage, worked long hours in dangerous conditions, were often beaten

28. Changing Role of Women

29. Changing Role of Women The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many women: Rather than working with their husbands on family farms and taking care of children, poor women in cities worked in factories • Some women worked as domestic servants • Factory jobs for women required long hours away from their children and could leave women crippled, sick, or deformed • Women were paid ½ or ⅓ of men’s salary

35. Urbanization

36. Urbanization Urbanization increased dramatically: • The increase in population and enclosure of farms forced people to move to cities • Poor families lived in badly constructed apartments built by factory owners called tenements in neighborhoods called slums • Many families shared cramped apartments that lacked running water or sanitation • Hard factory jobs and disease led to short life expectancies for urban workers

41. HELLISH LIVING CONDITIONS Does this look sanitary to you?

42. “Hell is a city much like London.”

43. Changing Class Structure

44. Changing Class Structure During the Industrial Revolution, the social class system changed as ownership of land stopped being the most important factor: • At the top were industrial capitalists who gained wealth by owning factories • The middle class grew because of the growth of engineers, managers, and shopkeepers • The bottom class grew because of the number of the urban poor who worked for low wages in factories

47. How did people respond to the changes and abuses of the Industrial Revolution? Some demanded reforms to fix problems caused by the Industrial Revolution

48. In the mid-1800s, Britain and the U.S. passed child and women labor laws that limited hours and type of work they could perform

49. Reformers regulated water, food, sewage; they offered public education; they regulated living and work conditions

50. REFORM MOVEMENT SPREADS Thanks to the successes in labor reform, there is reform in other areas of life, both in America and Europe… ABOLITION OF SLAVERY FIGHT FOR WOMEN’S RIGHTS EDUCATION