TAV Chapter 20

1. TAV Chapter 20

2. Benito Mussolini • School teacher • Fascist Party 1919 • Empire building and national pride • Promised full employment and social security • Black shirts • Militia threatened to march on Rome in 1922 • King Victor Emanuel was convinced to make Mussolini the premier – Took over the country. • Anti-communist

3. Joseph Stalin • Following Lenin’s death Stalin took over the USSR in 1926 • High output –Low wages (43%) • Collectives • Opposition • Communist

4. Adolf Hitler • Born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889 • WW I • Wounded twice • Twice awarded the Iron Cross for bravery • Military spy after WW I

5. Nazis • German Worker’s Party • Hitler changed the name to The National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI) • Nov. 1923 the Nazis tried to take power in Munich (Beer Hall Putsch) • Mein Kampf • 1932 Nazis grew within the Reichstag • 1933 Hitler is appointed chancellor by Paul von Hindenburg

6. August 1934 Hindenburg died and Hitler became Der Fuhrer.

7. Economic Circle United States Germany Great Britain & France

8. War Debt • Economic circle • Germany’s plight

9. Neutrality • Nye Committee-suggested that arms manufactures pushed the US into WW I. • Led to the Neutrality Act of 1935-No selling of arms to nations at war • Roosevelt warned that neutrality may eventually drag the US into war.

10. Attack on Manchuria • July 1937 Japan attacked China in order to take advantage of their natural resources. • Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply so we sent arms to help out China • Tattoos

11. Neutrality

12. Chapter 20 Section 2 World War II Begins

13. Time Line • 1935, Hitler begins building up the military • March 1936, Rhineland • Feb. 1938, Hitler threatens to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazis were given important Govt positions. • The Austrian chancellor gave into demands and wanted a vote on unification. • Hitler sent troops into Austria in March 1938 declaring the Anschluss of Germany and Austria

14. Munich Conference • Hitler staked a claim on the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia b/c of the German speaking people there. • Sept. 29, 1938, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met to decide about the Sudetenland

15. Appeasement • GB and France agreed to give the Sudetenland to Germany or Czech. would have to fight Germany alone. • GB’s Neville Chamberlain returned home touting, “ a peace with honor … peace in our time.” • March 1939, Germany sent troops into Czech • Divided into 2 (Slovakia) -Protectorate

16. Non-Aggression Pact • August 23, 1939, Germany and the USSR signed an agreement not to attack each other

17. Poland • Sept. 1, 1939, German troops rolled into Poland. • Blitzkrieg • GB and France declare war on Germany • Sept. 27th Warsaw fell to Germany • By October 5th Poland had fallen

18. Fall of France • Defensive bunkers – the Maginot Line • May 10, 1940 German troops attack France by going around the Maginot Line. • Through Belgium and Luxembourg and the Ardennes Forest • French and English troops were trapped at Dunkirk • 3 day delay made it possible for 338,000 troops to be rescued • Vichy France puppet govt.

19. Battle of Britain

20. Chapter 20 Section 3 The Holocaust

21. Nuremberg Laws • Targeted Jews mainly as well as others the Nazis saw as inferior • Sept. 1935 - Removed citizenship for German-Jews • Marriage • Public office

23. Kristallnacht • Nov. 7, 1938, a German diplomat was killed by a Jew • Nov. 9th Jews were targets in retaliation • Staged by Joseph Goebbels, the minister of propaganda • The following day the Gestapo arrested 30,000 Jews

26. The Final Solution • Wannsee Conference- Determine the Jewish question • Concentration Camps • Extermination Camps • 1937, Buchenwald was the first and largest concentration camp

28. Destroyers for Bases • 50 old destroyers

29. America First • Isolationists • 1940 Fight for Freedom Committee pushes for a stronger stand against Germany

30. Lend Lease Act • Lend or lease arms to any country vital to the defense of the US. • 40 billion in supplies to the Allies

31. Hemispheric Defense Zone • Western Atlantic was neutral • US ships would radio the location of German Submarines to the British

32. Atlantic Charter • Aug. 1941, FDR and Churchill met near Newfoundland • Post war world of democracy and free trade • Force an incident • German Sub. sank US destroyer Oct. 31, 1941 • Reuben James • Shoot on sight order

33. Embargo Against Japan • July 1940, Congress gave FDR the power to restrict the sale of strategic materials • FDR blocked the sale of Airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan • Japan responded by joining the Axis of Germany and Italy • Japan sent troops into Indochina so we set up an oil embargo until they pull out.

34. Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941, the Japanese launch a surprise attack on the US Naval Base • 2,403 killed • 1,178 injured

35. SURPRISE ATTACK AGAINST THE UNITED STATES BY THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN HARRIS, George Ellsworth MM1c USN Illinois

37. JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR • Dec. 7, 1941, Japan conducted a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • 2,403 people died in the Sunday morning attack • Killed soldiers, sailors, & civilians • Destroyed 200 planes, 5 battleships, & 3 cruisers • Aircraft carriers were out to sea when the attack happened

38. The USS Arizona

40. December 7, 1941 • “a date that will live in infamy” • The U.S. declares war against Japan • Dec. 11th Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S.

41. During The Attack

42. Torpedo Found In 1999

43. Oil From The USS Arizona