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The Struggle of Power in England and France

The Struggle of Power in England and France. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England. Anglo-Saxon England. Germanic Invaders Angles + Saxons = Anglo-Saxons. Three Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons. Northumbia - Northern England (today Southern Scotland) Mercia - Central England

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The Struggle of Power in England and France

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  1. The Struggle of Power in England and France Anglo-Saxon and Norman England

  2. Anglo-Saxon England • Germanic Invaders • Angles + Saxons = Anglo-Saxons

  3. Three Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons • Northumbia - Northern England (today Southern Scotland) • Mercia - Central England • Wessex - Southern England • Kingdoms were divided into governmental districts called shires.

  4. Alfred the Great • Defeats the Danes (Vikings) • 886 - Peace Treaty allowed the Danes to live in parts of Mercia and Northumbria

  5. Danish Rule • 900s - Alfred’s successors • Won land back • Strengthened the country • Unified the country • Spread Christianity

  6. Danish Rule • 1016 - King Canute of Denmark took the throne • Ruled a combined kingdom with Scandinavia • Wise ruler • 1042 - Danish line of kings died out

  7. Edward the Confessor • Chosen by the Anglo-Saxon nobles • Edward was part (Anglo-Saxon) and part (Norman) • His death in 1066 changes the relationship between France and England

  8. Norman Conquest • 1066 - Edward the Confessor dies • Duke William of Normandy named his successor • Anglo-Saxons recognize Harold of Wessex as heir to throne • 1066 - Battle of Hastings - William defeats Harold • 1066(Dec) - William I of England

  9. William I • Accomplishments • Brought Norman laws and customs • Brought feudalism • Reorganized the economy (Doomsday Book) • Created a centralized government and strong monarchy

  10. Henry I • Created the department of exchequer (treasury) • Created a more efficient central government • Sent traveling judges to try cases

  11. Henry II • Created his own army • Created a circuit of judges • Used trial by jury for civil and criminal courts

  12. John I • Signed and accepted the Magna Carta • Magna Carta made law the supreme power in England

  13. Magna Carta • Protected the liberties of nobles • Outlined the rights of ordinary citizens • Taxes could only be collect by consent of Great Council • King could not take property without paying for it • King could not refuse, delay or sell justice • Allowed trial by jury

  14. Development of Parliament • Formed as a result of a revolt of nobles against King Henry III • Led by Simon de Montfort • He wanted the nobles and middle class to work together in opposition to the king • House of Lords = Nobles and Clergy • House of Commons = knights and burgesses

  15. Common Law • Common Law = court decisions + customs • Court of Exchequer = tried tax cases and finances • Court of Common Pleas = heard cases between ordinary citizens • Court of the Kings Bench = trials that concerned the king or government

  16. Rise of the Capetian Kings Hugh Capet

  17. Increase Royal Territory • Marriages to increase land holdings • Took over land of the deceased • Conquered territory • King Philip II seized Normandy and Maine

  18. Strengthened Central Government • Appointed trained officials to run government • Extended jurisdiction of the royal courts • Created the Estates General – represented the 3 major social classes • Increased power over church by taxing the clergy

  19. Philip II • Increased the size of France by seizing English landholdings

  20. Philip IV • Strengthened the central government • Improved the legal system • Increased revenue by taxing the church • Created the Estates General

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