Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP) Training Package

1. Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP)Training Package

2. Scope • APRP Program Overview • Phase 1 Outreach • Phase 2 Demobilization • Phase 3 Consolidation • Governance Structures and Administrative Processes • Case Studies

3. PoA Presidential decree, 29 June 2010 Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP) – Program Document, 12 July 2010 GIRoA Joint Order, dated 29 August 2010 Key Documents

4. Understanding what Reintegration is NOT Surrender Paying insurgents to stop fighting Ceding territory to insurgents Ceding political or security rights or authority to insurgents Compromising Islamic rights

5. What is APRP? • The Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP) is an Afghan-led peace programme which aims to take insurgents out of the fight and return them to their communities with honour and dignity so that they can live peaceful, productive lives. • The APRP is enabled through 3 phases: • Social Outreach • Demobilization • Consolidation of Peace

6. Three Phase Process • SOCIAL OUTREACH • Strategic communications • Negotiation and addressing grievances • Sub-national and community outreach • Covered in more detail in Module 2 • DEMOBILISATION • Biometrics, vetting, registration, assessment & transition assistance • Weapons management and community security • Detainee release • Disengagement Training • Covered in more detail in Module 3 • CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE • Community recovery • Literacy, religious and vocational education and training • Employment opportunities • Covered in more detail in Module 4

7. APRP requires a solid, continuous foundation of Grievance Resolution and CommunitySecurity Three Phase Process OUTREACH + GRIEVANCE RESOLUTION DEMOBILIZATION CONSOLIDATION Does not pass vetting: Removed from APRP • Social outreach & messaging • Contact • Negotiation & Dialogue • Community Recovery: “Menu” of Options • Transition Assistance • Disengagement Training • Registration • Formal Vetting • Weapons Reg Intent to Reintegrate Reintegration Declaration form signed Community Vouches for Insurgents Community does not vouch: Relocation Grievance Resolution Security

9. Provincial Peace & Reintegration Committee (PP&RC) Objective: a PP&RC must be established to enable the APRP to be implemented at the provincial level. Lead: Provincial Governor Membership: Provincial Development Committee representatives Security committee Head of Provincial Ulema and religious scholars Tribal elders (should not exceed 21 members) Activities: Outreach and establishing dialogue Supporting grievance resolution Other activities in support of peace and reintegration

10. Provincial Reintegration Support Team (PRST) Objective: Provide support to the Governor and PP&RC for APRP matters Membership: Chief Demobilization Program Officer Community Recovery Program Officer Communication Officer Information Management Officer Activities: Execute PPR&C decisions Implement APRP activities Draft project proposals in support of APRP to submit to Joint Secretariat

11. Three Phase Process • SOCIAL OUTREACH • Strategic communications • Negotiation and addressing grievances • Sub-national and community outreach • Covered in more detail in Module 2 • DEMOBILISATION • Biometrics, vetting, registration, assessment & transition assistance • Weapons management and community security • Detainee release • Disengagement Training • Covered in more detail in Module 3 • CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE • Community recovery • Literacy, religious and vocational education and training • Employment opportunities • Covered in more detail in Module 4

12. Strategic Communications • ObjectiveTo inform the communities about the program and the benefits of reintegration • Why?Getting the word out will encourage communities to support the program, and encourage fighters to consider reintegrating. • Activities • Prepare advertising material to get the peace process message to the people and fighters • Arrange media opportunities for each of the 3 phases

13. Outreach • ObjectiveTo start a dialogue with communities and fighters leading to reintegration • Why?Outreach is a good way to reconnect the Afghan people with their government. In reaching out to people you are extending your authority, building trust and creating peace. • Activities • Talking about APRP to the influential people you know • Setting up Provincial Peace and Reintegration Committees • Coming up with proposals to seek financial support • Organizing events like shuras and jirgas • Engaging media • Facilitating communication efforts • Listening to messages or signals being sent by those who might be interested to join the program • Be prepared to meet people • Be ready to discuss reintegration

14. Grievance Resolution • ObjectiveUnderstand why people fight and take it into account when offering fighters a way to lay down arms in dignity • Why?If you pay attention to grievances and come up with ways to reconcile with your brothers, you are sowing the seeds of peace. • Activities • Conduct assessments • Ask fighters why they fight • Opening negotiation in good faith • Getting help from respected mediators, elders, local leaders, NGOs • Organize gatherings like jirgas and shuras • Make good gestures towards those you want to open a dialogue with • Organize procedures to address and resolve differences

15. Do’s Take every opportunity to talk about the program Say “join the peace process” Embrace the people, they take the courageous decision to join the peace process, they are your brothers Build trust, confidence and respect Give a chance for upset brothers to come home in peace with honour and dignity Learn about the program and your role, it is a great opportunity to bring peace and prosperity to your community Seek advice and guidance from respected elders if you are uncertain how to proceed Identify whether reintegration is creating ‘losers’ who need engagement, reassurance and support Make sure the systems are in place so that the people going through reintegration can be managed well Help identify projects that can improve the life of fighters and their communities Share information about reintegration opportunities and cases so that you can get the support you need

16. Don’ts Don’t call reintegration “surrender” or say they are joining the government or “putting down their weapons” Don’t offer amnesty or immunity from GIRoA prosecution. Don’t support or be party to any agreement that cedes political authority or territorial control to insurgents. Don’t make promises of assistance or development support. Don’t compromise on Islamic principles. Don’t offer a direct reward or payment to insurgents for stopping fighting. Don’t ignore suspected abuse or corruption in the reintegration process. If necessary report it. Don’t do anything that is outside the law

17. Three Phase Process • SOCIAL OUTREACH • Strategic communications • Negotiation and addressing grievances • Sub-national and community outreach • Covered in more detail in Module 2 • DEMOBILISATION • Biometrics, vetting, registration, assessment & transition assistance • Weapons management and community security • Detainee release • Disengagement Training • Covered in more detail in Module 3 • CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE • Community recovery • Literacy, religious and vocational education and training • Employment opportunities • Covered in more detail in Module 4

18. Implementation Currently, Demobilization is managed by Joint Secretariat mobile teams travelling to the location where reintegration opportunities arise. This is not a permanent procedure. Provincial authorities need to take action now to develop their demobilization capability.

19. Demobilization (1) • Registration : Provincial Reintegration Support Teams will arrange for registration to be conducted. This includes completing the “Intent to Reintegrate” form and “Individual Survey”. [See survey training brief] • Biometrics: MOI is the lead agency for collecting biometric information. • Vetting: Using the personal information collected by MOI, the following levels of vetting will be conducted: • National vetting: MOI and NDS will conduct name checks against the national criminal database. • Provincial vetting: MOI will conduct name checks against the Provincial databases. The PPRC will decide if they are prepared to vouch for the reintegrees. • Community Vetting: The Community will decide if they are prepared to accept/vouch for reintegrees. If not, MOI will determine alternative arrangements. **Joint Secretariat Standard Operating Procedures are available which describe these activities in more detail.

20. Demobilization (2) Weapons Management : In contrast to DIAG, the APRP allows reintegrees to keep their personal weapons, however, these must be registered. MOI is responsible to register weapons. MOD will store heavy weapons (eg machine guns, RPGs). Security: MOI (assisted by NDS & MOD) will provide security. ANSF and ISAF will work closely to determine the security risks in each reintegration case and determine a course of action to mitigate these risks.

21. Demobilization (3) Under development • Transitional Assistance Package: JS will support the Provincial authorities to provide a transitional package of food and provisions. A standard package has been prepared for national consistency. • Disengagement Training: JS will support the Provincial authorities to provide disengagement training. This training will include: • Citizenship package • Peace package • Justice and rights package • Religious package • Community planning and employment package

22. Do’s Ensure key components of negotiation and grievance resolution have been completed prior to commencing demobilization Register and return personal weapons Collect heavy weapons Ensure the security and safety of your staff and the reintegrees during the process Preserve the honor of the reintegrating insurgent, respect his dignity and avoid him losing face Follow the Joint Order and other documents that detail the program requirements. Ensure staff are trained to conduct and administer the APRP documentation

23. Don’ts Don’t wait for APRP to come to your Province. Be proactive. Don’t rush into demobilization. Ensure the conditions have been created through negotiation and education Don’t take unnecessary risks or ignore security rules or procedures Don’t do anything that is outside the law Don’t take shortcuts

25. Three Phase Process • SOCIAL OUTREACH • Strategic communications • Negotiation and addressing grievances • Sub-national and community outreach • Covered in more detail in Module 2 • DEMOBILISATION • Biometrics, vetting, registration, assessment & transition assistance • Weapons management and community security • Detainee release • Disengagement Training • Covered in more detail in Module 3 • CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE • Community recovery • Literacy, religious and vocational education and training • Employment opportunities • Covered in more detail in Module 4

26. Consolidation Key Principles: The consolidation phase aims to ensure that peace and reintegration are permanent. What will be offered in this phase for a community will be tailored to its particular needs and what can be accomplished there (security and capacity permitting): Communities will need to understand that what they will receive will not be identical to what other communities receive.

27. Community Recovery National Community Recovery will involve all members of the community— not just ex-combatants - APRP Program Document, July 2010 Recovery Options, which will be developed uniquely for each community, may include: Literacy training Vocational training Employment opportunities Development projects for the community

28. Do’s Remember that for APRP to be successful, all three phases of the program need to delivered to reintegrees and their communities Engage with Provincial and District Development Councils to assist with determining development priorities and potential projects Remember that women need to benefit from APRP programs as well Remember that community expectations will need to be managed about what they can expect to receive

29. Don’ts Don’t make promises of support that exceed the principles of the APRP Don’t do anything that is outside the law

30. Finance

31. How to get access to funds The APRP is an Afghan program, but the international community fully supports the government’s efforts and has pledged support for APRP activities. To get access to these funds, the PP&RC can suggest initiatives, which are then made into proposals by the PRST. PP&RCs will be authorized to approve projects up to $10,000. Larger projects will be referred to the Technical Committee of the Joint Secretariat for approval PRTs, ISAF and international partners may also be able to fund APRP projects.

32. Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP)Case studies V1 3 Nov 10

33. Walk in – Kandakداخل شدن- کندک • یگ گروپ نفری به کندک مراجعه نموده و در خواست می نماید تا در مورد ادغام مجدد صحبت نمایند. شما آنها را چه مشوره می دهید؟ چگونه شما افراد را برای پاسخ دهی توصیه می نماید • حکومت افغانستان باید چه کار نماید؟ چه گزینه های وجود دارد؟ چه عوامل وضعیت را پیچیده می سازد؟ A representative of a group of men approaches the kandak to ask to talk about reintegration. What do you advise them to do? How do you advise your men to respond? What should the Afghan government do? What are the options? What factors make this situation complex?

34. Insurgent Avoiding GIROAشورشی از حکومت اجتناب می نماید نماینده یک رهبر شورشی به یک شماره آیساف که وی در کابل میدانست، زنگ میزند. این نماینده ادعا میکند که رهبر شورشی میخواهد با آیساف در مورد ادغام مجدد تحت پروسه صلح صحبت نماید، اما آن رهبر شورشی نمیخواهد که با دولت افغانستان گپ بزند. آیساف از تیم محلی پی آر تی در خواست میکند تا به این رهبر شورشی شماره تیلفون وزیر استانکزی( وزارت ادغام مجدد در کابل) را بدهد. رهبر شورشی آن را رد مینماید و نیز صحبت با ولسوال و والی را رد مینماید. چندین هفته میگذرد و رهبر شورشی بطور دوامدار شکایت میکند که آیساف وی را حمایت نمیکند. دولت افغانستان چه باید کرد؟ آیساف چه باید کرد؟ چه گزینه های وجود دارد؟ کدام فاکتور ها این وضعیت را مغلق میسازد؟ The representative of an insurgent leader calls an ISAF contact he knows in Kabul. The representative claims the insurgent leader wants to talk with ISAF about reintegration under the Peace Process (APRP), but that the insurgent leader does not want to talk with GIROA. ISAF asks the local PRT to give the insurgent leader Minister Stanekzai’s phone number (the Reintegration Ministry in Kabul). The insurgent leader refuses to call Kabul, and refuses to speak with the district and provincial government. Many weeks pass, and the insurgent leader continues to complain that ISAF is not supporting him. What should the Afghan government do? What should ISAF do? What are the options? What factors make this situation complex?

35. A group of people announce they just left Pakistan and want to reintegrate. They claim that they left 10 years ago to live in Pakistan, but the insurgents have been forcing their sons to become fighters and now they want to return to home. They promise to bring their sons and families out of Pakistan if a deal is made. They request that GIROA give them land because they are refugees, and they request development support. Thousands more of these people are waiting in Pakistan. What should the Afghan government do? What should ISAF do? What are the options? What factors make this situation complex? Pakistan Refugees Want to Joinپناهندگان پاکستان می خواهند متصل گردند یک گروپ از مردم اعلام میکنند که آنها پاکستان را ترک نموده اند و میخواهند به ادغام مجدد بپیوندند. آنها ادعا میکنند که ایشان ده سال قبل بمقصد زندگی به پاکستان رفتند، اما شورشیان آنها را مجبور ساختند که فرزندان شان جنگجو شوند و در حال حاضر آنها میخواهند دوباره به خانه هایشان برگردند. آنها وعده میسپارند که اگر معامله صورت گیرد، خانواده ها و فرزندان شان از پاکستان خارج گردند. آنها از دولت تقاضا زمین مینماید زیرا آنها مهاجرین اند و آنها تقاضا حمایت انکشافی میکنند. هزاران نفر از این مردم در پاکستان منتظر اند. دولت افغانستان جه باید کرد؟ آیساف چه باید کرد؟ چه گزینه های وجود دارد؟ کدام فاکتور های این وضعیت را مغلق میسازد؟

36. Informal Reintegrationادغام مجدد غیر رسمی در جریان جلسه روزمره با قریه دوستانه، پی آر تی محلی و نیروهای امنیتی همکار شان با بزرگان قریه بحث و گفتگو مینماید. بزرگان توضیح میدهند که قریه چندین شخص را که شورشیان را ترک نموده اند تا جنگ توقف نماید و آنها با مردم شان در فضای صلح زندگی نمایند، دوباره پذیرفته اند. با اینکه این قریه هیچگاهی از پروسه صلح و ادغام مجدد دولت افغانستان واقف نبودند دولت افغانستان چه باید کرد؟ آیساف چه باید کرد؟ چه گزینه های وجود دارد؟ کدام فاکتور ها این وضعیت را مفلق می سازد؟ During a routine meeting with a friendly village, the local PRT and their partnered ANSF have a discussion with the village elders. The elders explain that the village has accepted back several men who have left the insurgency to stop fighting and live peacefully with their community, however the village has never heard of the GIROA Peace Process / Reintegration Program (APRP). What should the Afghan government do? What should ISAF do? What are the options? What factors make this situation complex?

37. Using a representative who approaches the local police chief, a group of insurgents express an interest in reintegrating, but they are wary and uncertain. There is a long history of mistrust between local villages, local government, and the insurgent groups. The insurgents want to feel confident that the community will accept them back, that ANSF and ISAF will cease targeting them, and that they will have some sort of opportunity for transition after reintegrating. What should the Afghan government do? What should ISAF do? What are the options? What factors make this situation complex? Uncertain Insurgentsشورشیان مشکوک استفاده یک نماینده که به ریئس پولیس محلی مراجعه نماید، یک گروه از شورشیان به ادغام مجدد علاقه نشان میدهند ولی آنها محتاط و غیر مطمین اند.یک سابقه طولانی بی اعتمادی میان روستا ها، حکومت محلی و گروه های شورشی وجود دارد. شورشیان سعی میورزند که متیقن گردند که مردم آنها را میپزیرند و نیروهای امنیتی افغان و آیساف آنها را هدف قرار نمیدهند. آنها بعضی فرصت های تغییر بعد از ادغام مجدد خواهند داشت. دولت افغانستان چه باید کرد؟ آیساف چه باید کرد؟ چه گزینه های وجود دارد؟ کدام فاکتور ها این وضعیت را مغلق میسازد؟

38. Other Frequently Asked Questions Who can join the APRP? The APRP is a nation-wide program for all Afghan fighters who agree to renounce violence and ties to terrorist groups and to live peacefully with in the laws of Afghanistan. How will the APRP benefit peaceful and law-abiding Afghans? Under the APRP, everyone benefits because APRP recovery packages are for the entire community. For those Afghans living in communities where reintegration is not occuring, the benefits will come from living in a peaceful and stable Afghanistan. Other development programs will support these peaceful communities. What happens to fighters who want to reintegrate but cannot return to their communities? Communities will decide whom they have back through the PPRC. If a community refuses to accpet a former fighter, or the fighter does not want to return, the Joint Secretariat will find alternatives. This may involve temporary or permanent relocation or other options.

39. Can reintegrees join ANSF and ALP? • Once reintegrated former fighters have completed the program, they are citizens of Afghanistan, and may in some cases join the ANSF or ALP. But to do so, former fighters must be selected by their community and must pass through the same screening procedures as any other ANSF or ALP candidate. There is no guaranteed place in the ANSF or ALP for reintegrees.

40. “Goodness comes from Peace” “Happiness comes from Peace.”