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International Development in Practice Gender and Development

International Development in Practice Gender and Development. Steve Reifenberg March 19, 2013. Half the Sky: Gender and Development. The dimensions of gender “ Turning oppression into opportunity for women ” Discussion of individual essays and development advisory team project.

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International Development in Practice Gender and Development

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  1. International Development in PracticeGender and Development Steve Reifenberg March 19, 2013

  2. Half the Sky: Gender and Development • The dimensions of gender • “Turning oppression into opportunity for women” • Discussion of individual essays and development advisory team project

  3. Why are 100 million women missing? Photo by thaddeus. Some rights reserved.

  4. “Often said that women make up a majority of the world's population. They do not.” • Mistaken belief is based on generalizing from Europe and North America • ratio of women to men typically around 1.05 or 1.06, or higher. • In South Asia, West Asia, and China, the ratio • can be as low as 0.94, or even lower, and it varies widely elsewhere in Asia, in Africa, and in Latin America.

  5. How can we explain these differences? Two theories: East versus West Economic Develompent

  6. Why the huge difference? The fate of women is quite different in most of Asia and North Africa. In these places the failure to give women medical care similar to what men get and to provide them with comparable food and social services results in fewer women surviving than would be the case if they had equal care… 100 million fewer.

  7. In 1800s, the central moral challenge Source: The American Civil War Photo Gallery.

  8. In 1900s, it was the battle against totalitariansm Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

  9. In this century, oppression of women worldwide is the human rights cause of our time. Victims of violence in Bukavu. Photo by André Thiel. Some rights reserved.

  10. Dimensions More girls have been killed in the last 50 years, precisely because they were girls, than men were killed in all the battles of the 20th century. More girls were killed in this routine “gendercide” in any one decade than people were slaughtered in all the genocides of the 20th century.

  11. When gender discrimination is lethal • Mothers are less likely to take daughters to be vaccinated than son. • (accounts for 1/5 of India’s missing girls) • Less likely to take girls to hospital than boys.

  12. 1 percent of the world’s landowners are women. Photo by Dina Buck, The Advocacy Project.  Some rights reserved.

  13. “The girl effect” • Education • Links to delay in childbearing • Smaller family size • Enhanced leadership roles • Economic force • Build systems more equitable • Reduce terrorism Photo by DWinton. Some rights reserved.

  14. What can you do? • Learn from the past • Focus on ideas that make a difference • Pay attention to return on investment

  15. Lessons from slaveryThomas Clarkson The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840, by Benjamin Robert Haydon, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

  16. Lessons from slaveryThomas Clarkson • careful documentation • bringing issue to light • relentless domestic pressure • leadership

  17. Three concrete things that could make an enormous difference: -- girls education -- iodize salt/micronutrients -- obstetric fistula

  18. Providing essential vitamins and minerals, • (especially iodine, Vitamin A, iron, and zinc) • also known as “micronutrients” is a proven • solution that costs just a few cents • Saves lives/ helps children grow to be • healthy and strong. • Studies show that lack of iodine alone • can result in a 13-point decline in IQ. Micronutrients

  19. “The cost-benefit ratio of micronutrient programming is unmatched by any other large-scale health or economic • intervention.”(UNICEF) • Research by health economists has determined that every dollar spent on vitamin A and zinc supplementation programs creates benefits worth more than $17.

  20. Obsteric fistula “A fistula is a hole between an internal organ and the outside world that should not exist.” There are two primary causes of fistula in women in developing countries:  childbirth and sexual violence What can be done: fistula repair, prevention, and educational programs

  21. Big Picture Principles • Build broad and effective coalitions • Resist the temptation to oversell • Helping women doesn’t mean ignoring men • Become less parochial

  22. Development Advisory Team Projects March 28 Individual essay: no more than four pages. Each student choose a different organization or issue. Lessons from another organization that is relevant to your group project. April 9 Group: Brief (five minute) presentation & three-page conceptual paper due • Problem, opportunity, evidence, progress, challenges April 10, International Development Fair (in class) • 5-minute oral presentation by each group • Funding organizations present

  23. Group projects April 23, 9.30 – 10.45 a.m. • Class time free April 23, 6.15 -9 p.m. Project Presentation Each team will formally present. • Maximum of 10 minutes to present. • Maximum of 10 minutes discussion. • Develop one-page brochure and summary page for website • You, as an individual, will also evaluate projects you would support and why.

  24. Group projects By April 30, Final debriefing with client and written project that you provide to your client

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