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Computer Hardware

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware. 2. Chapter Contents. Section A: Personal Computer BasicsSection B: Microprocessors and MemorySection C: Storage DevicesSection D: Input and Output DevicesSection E: Hardware Security. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware. 3. Personal Computer Basics. Personal Computer Syste

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Computer Hardware

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    1. Computer Hardware Chapter 2

    2. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 2 Chapter Contents Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security

    3. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3 Personal Computer Basics Personal Computer Systems Desktop and Portable Computers Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems Buying Computer System Components

    4. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4 Personal Computer Systems Figure 2-1Figure 2-1

    5. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5 Desktop and Portable Computers The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet Figure 2-2Figure 2-2

    6. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6 Desktop and Portable Computers A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad

    7. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7 Desktop and Portable Computers

    8. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 8 Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials

    9. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9 Buying Computer System Components Decide how your computer will be used, and how much you want to spend Decide on a platform (Mac, PC, Linux) Look at ads in computer magazines and at computer/electronic stores Understand the computer jargon Expect to pay anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand dollars

    10. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 10 Buying Computer System Components Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading Figure 2-9Figure 2-9

    11. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 11 Microprocessors and Memory Microprocessor Basics Today’s Microprocessors Random Access Memory Read-only Memory EEPROM

    12. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 12 Microprocessor Basics Microprocessor clock Megahertz Gigahertz Cache Level 1 cache (L1) Level 2 cache (L2) Figure 2-12Figure 2-12

    13. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 13 Today’s Microprocessors Figure 2-14Figure 2-14

    14. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 14 Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system Figure 2-16Figure 2-16

    15. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 15 Random Access Memory Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data Most RAM is volatile Requires electrical power to hold data Figure 2-17Figure 2-17

    16. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 16 Random Access Memory RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 2GB of RAM An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM

    17. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 17 Random Access Memory RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive DDR RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations Figure 2-19Figure 2-19

    18. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 18 Read-Only Memory ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine Permanent and non-volatile The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM

    19. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 19 EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM Requires no power to hold data Figure 2-20Figure 2-20

    20. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 20 Storage Devices Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up

    21. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 21 Storage Basics A storage medium contains data A storage device records and retrieves data from a storage medium Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium

    22. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 22 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface Figure 2-22Figure 2-22

    23. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 23 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Figure 2-23Figure 2-23

    24. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 24 A controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data SATA Ultra ATA EIDE SCSI Not as durable as many other storage technologies Head crash Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Figure 2-24Figure 2-24

    25. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 25 CD and DVD Technology Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface CD and DVD storage technologies Figure 2-26 and 2-27Figure 2-26 and 2-27

    26. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 26 CD and DVD Technology Today’s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate of 177.28 Mbps Three categories of optical technologies Read-only (ROM) Recordable (R) Rewritable (RW) Figure 2-28Figure 2-28

    27. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 27 CD and DVD Technology CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R DVD+R or DVD-R CD-RW DVD+RW or DVD-RW

    28. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 28 CD and DVD Technology Figure 2-29Figure 2-29

    29. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 29 Solid State Storage Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry Non-volatile Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage Figure 2-30Figure 2-30

    30. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 30 Solid State Storage A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s USB port using a built-in connector Figures 2-31 and 2-32Figures 2-31 and 2-32

    31. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 31 Storage Wrap-up

    32. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 32 Storage Wrap-up Figure 2-34Figure 2-34

    33. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 33 Input and Output Devices Basic Input Devices Display Devices Printers Installing Peripheral Devices

    34. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 34 Basic Input Devices Keyboard Pointing device Pointing stick Trackpad Trackball Joystick Touch screen Figures 2-35 and 2-36 and 2-37Figures 2-35 and 2-36 and 2-37

    35. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 35 Display Devices A CRT display device uses a bulky glass tube An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen Figure 2-38Figure 2-38

    36. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 36 Display Devices Viewable image size – bigger is better Dot pitch – smaller is better Refresh rate – higher is better Color depth – how many colors can be displayed Resolution VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA Figure 2-39Figure 2-39

    37. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 37 Display Devices Figure 2-40Figure 2-40

    38. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 38 Display Devices Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen Integrated graphics Graphics card Graphics processing unit (GPU) Figure 2-41Figure 2-41

    39. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 39 Printers An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper A laser printer works like a photocopier Figure 2-42Figure 2-42

    40. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 40 Printers

    41. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 41 Printers Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires The wires strike a ribbon and the paper Figure 2-44Figure 2-44

    42. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 42 Printers Printer features Resolution Print speed (per minute) Duty cycle (per month) Operating costs Figure 2-45Figure 2-45

    43. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 43 Installing Peripheral Devices The data bus moves data within the computer Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities Expansion slot ISA PCI AGP PCMCIA slot PC card

    44. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 44 Installing Peripheral Devices Figure 2-48Figure 2-48

    45. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 45 Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver Figure 2-49Figure 2-49

    46. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 46 Installing Peripheral Devices Figure 2-50Figure 2-50

    47. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 47 Hardware Security Surge Protection and Battery Backup Basic Maintenance Troubleshooting and Repair

    48. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 48 Surge Protection and Battery Backup A power surge is a sudden increase or spike in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outlets A surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surges and spikes A UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage

    49. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 49 Surge Protection and Battery Backup Figures 2-54 and 2-55Figures 2-54 and 2-55

    50. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 50 Basic Maintenance Computer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your control Keep the keyboard clean Clean your computer screen on a regular basis Keep the area clean around your computer Make sure fans are free of dust

    51. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 51 Basic Maintenance Figure 2-56 (movie)Figure 2-56 (movie)

    52. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 52 Troubleshooting and Repair There are several telltale signs that your computer is in trouble Failure to power up Loud beep Blue screen of death Help and Support Center Safe Mode

    53. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 53 Troubleshooting and Repair Figure 2-59Figure 2-59

    54. Chapter 2 Complete Computer Hardware

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