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Institutions II

Explore the checks and balances on presidential power, the Electoral College system, key roles of the President, and organizational methods in the White House. Uncover historical events shaping the executive branch's authority.

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Institutions II

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  1. Institutions II AP Review Executive & Bureaucracy

  2. Why is the President’s term of office fixed at 4 years? • Feared of a life-tenure • Feared excessively strong Pres. • Feared abuse of power

  3. What was the compromise between Congressional election of the President and direct election? • The Electoral College

  4. Under the Electoral College system, what would happen if there was no electoral majority? • House votes, each state casting one vote

  5. Under Andrew Jackson, what happened to the power of the executive? • Expanded

  6. From 1837 (after Jackson) to 1932 (FDR), Congress reclaimed the driver’s seat of govt., with momentary flashes of Pres. power (Lincoln, TR, Wilson). What three events or conditions led to a continued rise on Pres. power since then? • Great Depression, WWII, Cold War

  7. Under which Presidential role does the President make the State of the Union Address? • Chief Legislator

  8. What role when acting as the ceremonial head of the nation? • Chief of State

  9. Which is a non-constitutional role? • Chief Jurist • Head of Political Party • Chief Diplomat • #2

  10. Which reflects the Presidential role of Chief Executive? • Issuing executive orders • Sending troops into battle • Vetoing legislation • #1

  11. Which role did Congress check when it passed the War Powers Act in 1973? • Commander in Chief

  12. What role is checked when Congress exercises the “power of the purse” or the Court strikes down an executive order as unconstitutional? • Chief Executive

  13. What role is being checked by the Senate when it places a hold on, or filibusters, a judicial nominee? • Chief Jurist

  14. Who/what is the immediate staff of the President? • White House Office • White House Staff

  15. What is another word for the style of organizing the White House Office hierarchically? • Pyramid method

  16. Which method was preferred by FDR and Carter, increasing information, but lacking efficiency? • Circular method of organization

  17. Which method of organizing the White House Office gives the Chief of Staff tremendous control over flow of information and access to the Pres? • Hierarchical • Pyramid

  18. Which method of organization sacrifices information for efficiency? • Pyramid

  19. Why do Presidents tend to work closer with their White House Staff than their Cabinet Secretaries (Sect. of State, etc.)? • Secretaries have divided loyalties

  20. What executive agency is part of the White House Office and prepares the annual budget for the Pres? • OMB

  21. Which is NOT part of the Executive Office of the President (EOP)? • White House Staff • OMB • Secretary of State • National Security Council (NSC) • Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) • Council on Environmental Quality • #3

  22. Why do Cabinet Secretaries share loyalties with Congress? • Congress controls funding

  23. What is it called when Secretaries of departments adopt the agency point of view? • Going native

  24. What determines the role of the VP? • The President

  25. Which is NOT a constitutional role fo the VP? • Presides over the Senate • Becomes Pres (or Acting Pres.) if office is vacant • Casts tie-breaker in the House • #3

  26. Trivia • Who served as VP and President without having been elected to either office? • Gerald R. Ford

  27. Why does the mere threat of a veto tend to lead to compromise, changing legislation? • Most vetoes are not overridden (93%)

  28. During what period is the President most effective at getting his agenda through Congress? • Honeymoon period

  29. What do the following have in common? • Use of media (bully pulpit) • Veto • Honeymoon period • Personal lobbying of Senators • President influence on Congress • Pres. advantage

  30. Term coined by historian Arthur Schlesinger to describe a President who amasses power above and beyond Constitutional limits: • Imperial presidency

  31. Which is NOT an area Schlesinger claims imperial presidents abuse? • War powers • Executive privilege • Executive agreements • Signing bills into law • Impoundment • #4

  32. How has the President bypassed the Senate’s constitutional check of treaty ratification? • Increased use of executive agreements

  33. While the Court did not allow Nixon to hide behind executive privilege in US v Nixon, it did reinforce the concept, limiting its use when used to cover … • Illegal activity • A crime

  34. A president’s refusal to spend funds appropriated by Congress: • Impoundment

  35. Impounding appropriated funds was meant to allow president’s to stop spending war funds when the war was over. Nixon began using impoundment as a political tool. How did Congress respond? • Passed the Budget and Impouindment Control Act of 1974

  36. What do the following have in common? • Created the CBO • Created Budget Committees in both houses • Hint: • President can’t permanently impound funds • Temporary impoundments can be overridden • Budget and Impoundment Control Act

  37. Which is NOT a provision of the War Powers Act? • Notify Congress with 48 hours • Congress can veto President’s war strategy • Consult with Congress when in combat • Withdraw troops after 60 days without declaration of war • #2

  38. In what way do independent regulatory commissions exercise quasi-legislative power? • Make rules and regulations • Implement policy

  39. What act ended the spoils system by requiring a test to determine merit to fill a position in the bureaucracy? • Pendleton Act 1881

  40. Name a complaint about bureaucr

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