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Systematic research begins with a problem

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM. Systematic research begins with a problem A gap in knowledge that one wishes to describe or explain A felt difficulty that one wishes to solve Often phrased as a question that needs to be answered. THE NATURE OF PROBLEM. Survey Research Problem

valentine-perkins
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Systematic research begins with a problem

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  1. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM • Systematic research begins with a problem • A gap in knowledge that one wishes to describe or explain • A felt difficulty that one wishes to solve • Often phrased as a question that needs to be answered

  2. THE NATURE OF PROBLEM • Survey Research Problem • Asks questions about the nature, incidence or • distribution of variables • Correlational Research Problem • Investigates relationships among variables • Causal-Comparative Research Problem • -Determines relationships among two or more • variables • -Manipulation of independent variable is not possible • -Independent variable has already occurred

  3. Experimental Research Problem • Addresses questions concerning relationships among variables • Manipulates the independent variable while controlling all other variables • Observes subsequent changes in the dependent variable

  4. Experience Deductions from theory Related literature SOURCES OF PROBLEM

  5. EXPERIENCE • Most research ideas developed by beginning researchers arise from personal experiences. • Research problem could arise from the need to evaluate effectiveness of certain usual method or practices. • Research problem could arise from observations of certain relationships with no satisfactory explanations.

  6. DEDUCTIONS FROM THEORY • Provide an excellent source of problem. • Through research one determines whether the generalizations embodied in theories can be translated into specific recommendations for practice. • From theory, the researcher can generate hypotheses stating the expected findings in a particular practical situation.

  7. RELATED LITERATURE • Helps us formulate research questions that are the next logical step from previous investigations. • Outcomes of a research often lead to new questions. • 3. May stimulate a researcher to see whether the procedures employed can be adapted to solving other problems.

  8. Cont. • 4.May find a study that needs replication • Replication increases the extent to which the research findings can be generalized. • Replication provides additional evidence of the validity of the findings. • In most replication studies variations are introduced in order to clarify some aspects of the findings, to investigate factors not included in the original study.

  9. Cont. • May raise the question of the applicability of their findings to other cultures. • Recently, considerable emphasis placed on cross-cultural research. • May result in detecting inconsistencies and contradictions or in dissatisfaction with the conceptualizations, methodology, measuring instruments, and statistical analysis used.

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