Objective: To examine Manifest Destiny and the start of the Mexican War.

1. Objective: To examine Manifest Destiny and the start of the Mexican War. Do Now: Use the maps provided to write when, and in what way, the following areas became parts of the United States. • New York • Idaho • Indiana • Nevada • Texas • Nebraska • Florida • 1776, original 13 colonies • 1846, Oregon Treaty • 1783, terms of the Treaty of Paris • 1848, Mexican Cession (Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo) • 1845, Annexed by Congress - 1803, Louisiana Purchase (Purchased from France) - 1819, Florida Treaty (Ceded by Spain)

2. Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

3. Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1860

5. This painting shows Manifest Destiny as a religious belief that the United States should expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in the name of God. In 1872 artist John Gast painted a popular scene of people moving west that captured the view of Americans at the time. Called "Spirit of the Frontier“, the painting portrays settlers moving west, guided and protected by a goddess-like figure of Columbia and aided by technology (railways, telegraphs), driving away Native Americans and bison in the process. It is also important to note that angel is bringing the "light" as witnessed on the eastern side of the painting as she travels towards the "darkened" west.

6. Election of 1844 • Presidential candidate James Polk believed strongly in Manifest Destiny, and he favored annexing Oregon and Texas. annex = to add onto • Polk’s Presidential slogans were: “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” and President James K. Polk “All of Oregon or None”

7. • After winning the election, the U.S. and Great Britain compromised by dividing Oregon at latitude 49 degrees north. Video: Pres. Polk uses his inaugural address to advocate U.S. expansion(:44) – after clicking, go to the third link from the bottom

8. Mexican War – The Beginning • The U.S. declared war on Mexico in 1846, shortly after annexing Texas. MULTIMEDIA

9. Video Summary (3:15) Gen. Zachary Taylor * First battle of the war. Gen. Santa Anna

10. General Zachary Taylor, Mexican War, c. 1847

11. • Northerners opposed the war. They felt it was a Southern attempt to add more slave states to the Union. Balance of Power Between Free and Slave States as of 1844 Free States Slave States Manifest Destiny Review with MC LaLa(3:24) Original 13 States

12. California Video: American settlers head west to seek prosperity in California (3:14) – eighth link under the heading “Manifest Destiny” • Americans in California overthrew the Mexicans in 1846, declaring the independent nation of the Bear Flag Republic. • Soon afterwards, California joined the United States.

13. This flag, raised at Sonoma on June 14, 1846, was destroyed in the 1906 Great Earthquake and Fire. The star imitated the lone star of Texas. A grizzly bear represented the many bears seen in the state. The Bear Flag was replaced by the American flag.

14. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – 1848 (Video) • Mexico recognized the Texas-Mexico border as the Rio Grande. • Mexico ceded the Mexican Cession to the United States. • Today, the Mexican Cession includes the states of CA, NV, UT, and parts of AZ, NM, CO, and WY. Gadsden PurchaseThe United States bought southern New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million. • The United States paid Mexico $15 million.

15. Video - Looking back: A just war? (2:14) Click link; go to the last video under the heading “Manifest Destiny” Was the Mexican-American War a “just war”? Let’s debate! Yes it was! (reasons) No it wasn’t! (reasons)