Sentence Parts and Phrases

1. Sentence Parts and Phrases

2. Sentence • A group of words that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

3. Sentence Fragment • When a group of words DOES NOT contain a subject and a verb or DOES NOT express a complete thought

4. Subject • Tells whom or what the sentence is about • ****CAN NEVER BE IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE*** • COMPLETE SUBJECT: is the subject (nouns, pronoun, gerund, or infinitive) and all of its modifiers • SIMPLE SUBJECT (s): the main word or group of words in the complete subject

5. Predicate • Tells something about the subject • COMPLETE PREDICATE: verb plus all of its modifiers • SIMPLE PREDICATE (av, lv, or hv): the verb or verb phrase (main verb plus its helping verbs)

6. SIMPLE SUBJECT (s) • The “who” or “what” of the verb • Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly. (dog is the simple subject) • Must be noun (n), pronoun (pro), gerund (ger), or infinitive (inf) • Can never be in a prepositional phrase • THERE and HERE are never the subject of a sentence • The subject can be an “understood you”. Ex: Bring me the remote control, please. (YOU is who brings it.)

7. COMPLETE SUBJECT (underlined once) • Simple subject plus its modifiers • Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly. • Dependent clauses modifying the subject are part of the complete subject of the independent clause. (Ex: The dog that has spots likes to bark.)

8. SIMPLE PREDICATE/VERB • Transitive verb (vt): takes a direct object (ex: We love English.) • Intransitive verb (vi): does not take a direct object (ex: Please sit down.) • All linking verbs (lv) are intransitive

9. COMPLETE PREDICATE (underline twice) • Verb plus its modifiers • Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly. • Dependent clauses modifying the verb are part of the complete predicate of the independent clause. • Ex: The dog likes to bark when I’m asleep.

10. COMPLEMENT • Completes the meaning of the subject and verb • Types: • Direct object (do) • Indirect object (io) • Predicate nominative (pn) • Predicate adjective (pa)

11. DIRECT OBJECT (do) • Is a noun or pronoun and is never in a prepositional phrase • Follows an action verb • To find it, say “subject, verb, what?” or “subject, verb, whom?” • Ex: I like English. “I like what?” English is the direct object

12. INDIRECT OBJECT (io) • Is a noun or pronoun and is never in a prepositional phrase • Comes before a direct object and after the verb • To find it, say “subject, verb, direct object, to or for whom or what?” • Ex: He gave me the paper. “He gave paper to whom?” Me is the indirect object.

13. PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (pn) • Is a noun or pronoun • Follows a linking verb and renames subject • To find it, say “subject, verb, what or who?” • Ex: He is a nice guy. “He is what?” Guy is the predicate nominative

14. PREDICATE ADJECTIVE (pa) • Is an adjective • Follows a linking verb and describes the subject • To find it, say “subject, linking verb, what?” • Ex. He is nice. “He is what?” Nice is the predicate adjective.

15. APPOSITIVE (app) • Noun or pronoun that follows and renames another noun or pronoun • Ex. My son Beck likes trains. Beck is an appositive.

16. APPOSITIVE PHRASE (app ph) • Noun or pronoun (along with modifiers) that follows and renames another noun or pronoun • Ex. Ansley, my daughter, loves to dance. My daughter is the appositive phrase.

17. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (prep ph) • Group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun • Can act as and adjective (ex: I want a room with a view.) or adverb (ex: His house is on the lake.) • Must be next to the noun or pronoun it modifies.

18. OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (op) • Follows preposition and tells “what?” or “whom?” • Ex: The key is under the rug. “Under what?” Rug is the object of the preposition. • If there is no object, it is NOT a preposition. Ex. Please stand up. (Up is an adverb.)

19. NOUN OF DIRECT ADDRESS (nda) • Person being spoken to in a sentence • Ex: Mom, I’m hungry. Mom is the nda. • Ex: Go clean your room, Rebekah. Rebekah is the nda.

20. INFINITIVE PHRASE (inf ph) • Infinitive plus its modifiers and objects • Ex: He likes to eat pepperoni pizza.

21. OBJECT OF THE INFINITIVE (objinf) • Follows infinitive and tells “what?” • Ex: I want to eat pizza. “to eat what?” Pizza is the object of the infinitive.