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Sex and Your Body

Sex and Your Body. Chapter Five. Female Sex Organs. External Female Genitals (Vulva) Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Prepuce Clitoris. Internal Female Genitals Vagina Uterus Cervix Ovaries Fallopian tube. External Female Genitalia. Mons Pubis. Prepuce. Labia Majora.

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Sex and Your Body

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  1. Sex and Your Body Chapter Five

  2. Female Sex Organs • External Female Genitals (Vulva) • Mons pubis • Labia majora • Labia minora • Prepuce • Clitoris • Internal Female Genitals • Vagina • Uterus • Cervix • Ovaries • Fallopian tube

  3. External Female Genitalia Mons Pubis Prepuce Labia Majora Clitoris Urethral Opening Labia Minora Vaginal Opening

  4. Figure 5.1 The female sex organs

  5. Male Sex Organs • Penis • The glans • Corpus spongiosum • Urethra • Scrotum • Function: Allows for sperm development at a temperature cooler than the body (93.6 degrees F) • Testes (with seminiferous tubules) • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Prostate gland • Cowper’s glands • Seminal vesicles • Circumcision

  6. Male External Genitalia

  7. Figure 5.2 The male sex organs

  8. Hormones and The Reproductive Life Cycle • Sex Hormones • Adrenal cortex produces androgens = Sex hormones • Testes produce testosterone • Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone • Pituitary gland produces LH and FSH • Hypothalamus (controls the release of hormones from pituitary)

  9. Differentiation of the Embryo • Determined by the fertilizing sperm at the time of conception • Conception - combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes • Of the 23 pairs, one pair = sex chromosomes • Egg carries an X sex chromosome • Sperm carries either a X or Y chromosome • XX provides the blueprint to produce a female • XY provides the blueprint to produce a male

  10. Female Sexual Maturation • Physical changes begins around 8-13 with breast development and rapid body growth between 9 and 15. • The 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle • Menses • Days 1-5 • Estrogenic phase • Days 6-13 • Ovulation phase • Day 14 • Progestational phase • Days 15-27

  11. Figure 5.4 The menstrual cycle

  12. Menstrual Problems • Dysmenorrhea • Cramps, bloating, nausea associated with the menstrual cycle • Some symptoms caused from prostaglandins • Premenstrual Tension (PT) • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) • Pharmacological treatment • Lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms • Limit salt intake • Exercise • Don’t use alcohol or tobacco • Eat a nutritious diet • Relax

  13. Male Sexual Maturation • Normally occurs 2 years later than girls • Begins about 10 or 11 years old • Physical changes • Testicular growth • Penis growth • Pubic hair growth • Voice deepens • Increase in height

  14. Aging and Human Sexuality • Women: Menopause • Ovaries gradually cease functioning • Stop ovulating • Decreasing estrogen levels • Increased risk of disease • Men • Gradual decrease of testosterone • Loss of energy/sex drive/stamina

  15. Sexual Response Cycle • Four phases typically characterize the sexual response cycle: • Excitement phase • Penis becomes erect, testes expand and pulled upward • Clitoris, labia and vaginal walls also vasocongested, vaginal lubrication • Plateau phase • Extension of excitement; everything becomes more pronounced than in excitement phase; male pre-ejaculatory emission • Orgasmic phase • Rhythmic contractions along male duct system, expelling semen; contractions in vagina and uterus • Males (refractory phase) • Resolution phase • Reversal of excitement phase; all structures return to unstimulated state

  16. 1: Excitement phase • Everything elevates!

  17. 1: Excitement Phase • Tenting = body of the uterus begins to ascend

  18. 2: Plateau Phase • Pre-ejaculatory emission from Cowper’s gland

  19. 2: Plateau Phase

  20. 3: Orgasmic Phase

  21. 4: Resolution phase • System returns to normal

  22. Sexual Problems • Biological conditions affecting women: • Vaginitis • Characterized by vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation, pain during intercourse • Vaginismus • uncontrolled, involuntary spasm of the vagina muscles • Endometriosis • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • 50-75% of PID cases are caused by STDs • Biological conditions affecting men: • Prostatitis (acute vs. chronic) • Acute usually due to a bacterial/viral infection • inflammation of the prostate gland, often resulting in swelling or pain, urination problems, sexual dysfunction, etc. • Testicular cancer • Most common in men in their twenties and thirties

  23. Sexual Dysfunctions • Common sexual dysfunctions • Male – • Erectile dysfunction • Premature ejaculation • Delayed ejaculation • Women – • Orgasmic dysfunction • Treatment • Physical examination • Pharmaceutical • Relaxation and massage techniques

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