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Macromolecules and Your Body. Anatomy . Carbohydrates. Three main carbohydrates in body Glucose (stores energy) Glycogen (stores energy) Ribose (expression of hereditary information). Lipids. Four main lipids that are important to us Triglycerides Phospholipids Steriods
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Macromolecules and Your Body Anatomy
Carbohydrates • Three main carbohydrates in body • Glucose (stores energy) • Glycogen (stores energy) • Ribose (expression of hereditary information)
Lipids • Four main lipids that are important to us • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Steriods • Prostaglandins/ Eicosanoids
Triglycerides • Store energy • Butter, olive oil • Get a lot from your diet
Phospholipids • Lecithin and Cephalin • Form cell membranes
Steriods • Cortoicosteroids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone) • Synthesis hormones and help form membranes
Prostaglandins & Eicosanoids • Regulating actions of hormones • Help immune system • Influences inflammatory response • Causes contraction of smooth muscle for labor • Contributes to production of mucus in stomach
Proteins • Functional and structural
Functional Proteins • Regulate chemical reactions
Structural Proteins • Form part of the tissues that provide mechanical support to the part of the body where they are located
Nucleic Acids • DNA and RNA
DNA • Genetic code and information • Ensures daughter cells inherit data from parent cells • Code the ways proteins turn genes on and off • Needed to form mRNA
RNA • Carries genetic information • Catalyzes biochemical reactions • Adapter molecule in protein synthesis • Structural molecules in cellular organelles • mRNA • tRNA • rRNA • snRNA (catalyze reactions with mRNA) • gRNA (edits RNA)
Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycoproteins • Mannose and galactose • Regulate chemical reactions (similar function to functional proteins)
Combinations of Macromolecules • Proteoglycans • Important for lubrication (increase thickness of fluids)
Combinations of Macromolecules • Lipoproteins • Transport lipids in blood
Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycolipids • Cerebrosides (in myelin sheaths of nerve fibers) • Cell membranes
Combinations of Macromolecules • Ribonucleoproteins • Have enzyme like properties (slicing mRNA snRNPs)