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Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries. Chapter 15. The Cardiorespiratory System. Includes function of the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and gas exchange, between the blood and atmosphere. Heart pumps blood through the body through pathways (arteries, veins, and capillaries)

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Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

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  1. Arteries, Veins and Capillaries Chapter 15

  2. The Cardiorespiratory System • Includes function of the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and gas exchange, between the blood and atmosphere. • Heart pumps blood through the body through pathways (arteries, veins, and capillaries) • Blood is enriched with oxygen when it passes through the lungs • As oxygen enters the bloodstream, carbon dioxide leaves it (respiration)

  3. The Circulatory System • Course taken by blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins & back to heart • Uses blood to transport dissolved materials throughout body • Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste • Picks up waste products of cell metabolism & takes to lungs and kidneys (to be expelled from body)

  4. Blood • Only tissue that flows throughout body • Carries oxygen & nutrients to all parts of body and transports waste products back to lungs, kidneys, and liver for disposal • Essential part of immune system • Crucial for fluid and temperature balance • Hydraulic fluid for certain functions • Highway for hormonal messages • Composed of plasma and billions of cells

  5. Plasma • The yellowish, liquid part of blood • River in which blood cells travel • Makes up 55% of total volume • Carries blood cells + • Nutrients (sugars, amino acids, fats, salts, minerals) • Waste products (CO2, lactic acid, urea) • Antibodies • Clotting proteins (called clotting factors) • Chemical messengers (hormones) • Proteins that help maintain body’s fluid balance

  6. Blood—RBCs & Hemoglobin • Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) • Highly specialized cells that have been “stripped” of everything, including nucleus • Major job: transporting oxygen • Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume called hematocrit • Hemoglobin • Special red-colored molecule that fills RBCs • Picks up oxygen in areas where O2 is abundant and releases O2 in tissues where O2 concentration lowest

  7. Blood—White Blood Cells • 5 distinct kinds • Neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils • Able to change according to need and situation in body • Can leave blood stream , sliding out through vessel walls & attacking invaders at site of infections

  8. Blood Vessels • Hollow tubes running throughout the body • 5 types • Arteries • Arterioles • Veins • Venules • Capillaries • Provide 2 measurements: • Pulse • Blood pressure

  9. Arteries • Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to organs & cells • Muscular walls that allow them to dilate or constrict • Arterioles: very small arteries • Largest artery=aorta • Runs from chest into abdomen • Receives blood directly from left ventricle

  10. Veins • Largest vein=superior & inferior vena cava • Bring blood from upper and lower body into right atrium • Venules: smallest veins

  11. Capillaries • Tiny, microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins • Responsible for transferring oxygen and nutrients to cells • Wall so thin that O2 passes from arterial blood through them into cells in organs/tissues • Waste products (CO2) pass into capillaries to be carried back by veins to heart/lungs

  12. Activity • Diagram and color Capillaries • Vocabulary

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