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Biomolecules

Biomolecules. What is a Biomolecule ?. Life on earth is based on carbon compounds that we call biomolecules. Biomolecules  are  macromolecules  or “giant molecules.” They are giant because they are  polymers  made of hundreds or even thousands of smaller molecules called monomers .

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Biomolecules

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  1. Biomolecules

  2. What is a Biomolecule? • Life on earth is based on carbon compounds that we call biomolecules. • Biomolecules are macromolecules or “giant molecules.” They are giant because they are polymers made of hundreds or even thousands of smaller moleculescalled monomers. • Four of the major kinds of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

  3. Carbohydrates • Examples are Glucose(sugar), glycogen, cellulose and starch • Functions– the body’s main or primary source of energy • Structure:  elements are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio • Building blocks or Monomers are Monosaccharides (or simple sugar)

  4. Carbohydrates

  5. Lipids • Examples are fat, oil and waxes • Function: long term storage of energy, main structural component of the cell membrane • Structure:  elements are  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but much less oxygen than carbohydrates; more difficult to break down than carbohydrates • Building blocks or Monomers are Glycerol and Fatty acid chains

  6. Lipids

  7. Proteins • Examples are muscles, enzymes, antibodies, protein channels, hormones • Function: control rate of chemical reactions, control the movement of molecules across the cell membrane and major functional component of living things • Structure: elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen • Building Blocks or Monomers are Amino Acids

  8. Proteins

  9. Nucleic Acids • Examples are DNA and RNA • Function: to store and transmit hereditary information • Structure:  elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous • Building block or Monomer-- Nucleotide

  10. Nucleic Acids

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