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Learn about the transformative power of Appreciative Inquiry, a method that focuses on building upon strengths, successes, and potentials to create lasting change. Discover the principles, assumptions, and applications of Appreciative Inquiry in various settings.
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Appreciative Inquiry An Introduction
Appreciative Inquiry A Positive Revolution in Change
The Birth of Appreciative Inquiry • David Cooperrider & Suresh Srivastva in 1987 • With colleagues from Case Western University & Taos Institute
Appreciative Inquiry • Systems Theory • Organisational Development • Asset-based community development • Solution-focused therapy • Narrative therapy • The “magic question” • Resilience
Words AreTools To a hammer everything is a nail!
Ap-pre’ci-ate (verb) • valuing; the act of recognizing the best in people or the world around us; affirming past and present strengths, successes, and potentials; to perceive those things that give life (health, vitality, excellence) to living systems • to increase in value, e.g. the economy has appreciated in value Synonyms: valuing, prizing, esteeming and honouring
In-quire’ (kwir) (verb) • the act of exploration and discovery • to ask questions; to be open to seeing new potentials and possibilities Synonyms: discovery, search, systematic exploration and study
Appreciative Inquiry • “No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it. We must learn to see the world anew.” (Albert Einstein)
What Is Appreciative Inquiry Used For? • Consult with people • Learn from past experience • Involve whole organisation or community in change • Build a vision for the future that everyone can share and help put into practice
What Is Appreciative Inquiry Used For? • Strategic Planning • School Improvement • Action Research • Evaluation • Mentoring & Performance Management • Leadership Training • Community Development • Business Excellence • Customer Service / Client Satisfaction • Culture Change & Transformation
Where is Appreciative Inquiry Used? Global: • United States • Canada • United Kingdom • Europe • Australia • New Zealand • Africa • Asia
6 Principles of Appreciative Inquiry • Descriptive or Constructionist Principle • Simultaneous Principle • Poetic Principle • Anticipatory Principle • Positive Principle • Wholeness Principle
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry In every human situation something works From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry What we focus on becomes our reality From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry Reality is created in the moment and there are multiple realities From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry The language we use shapes our reality From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry The act of asking questions influences the outcome in some way From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry People have more confidence going into the future (unknown) when they carry forward parts of the present (known) From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry If we carry parts of the past into the future, they should be what are best about the past From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
8 Assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry It is important to value differences From: The Thin Book of Appreciative Inquiry, by Sue Annis Hammond
Positive Image Positive Action Six main areas of research: • Powerful placebo • Pygmalion effect • Positive affect & learned helpfulness • Imbalanced inner dialogue (2:1) • Positive imagery as a dynamic force • Affirmative capability
“Felt need” & identification of problem Analysis of causes Analysis of possible solutions Action planning Assumes: Organisation is a problem to be solved Back Door – what’s in the way of what we want? Deficit Thinking Appreciate & value the best of What Is Envision: What Might Be Dialogue: What Should Be Innovate: What Will Be Assumes: Organisation is mystery to be discovered Front Door – what is it we ultimately want? Possibility Thinking Problem Solving Appreciative Inquiry AND
Deficit Focus: Consequences • Fragmentation • Few new images of possibility • Negative frames are self-fulfilling • Visionless voice leads to fatigue • ‘The Experts Must Know’ • Weakened fabric of relationships & defensivenessleads to negative culture • Slow: puts attention on yesterday’s causes
The Positive Core • Energy • Enthusiasm • Commitment • Action
The “4-D Cycle” Discover “What gives life?” (The best of what is) Appreciating Dream “What might be?” (What is the world calling for) Envisioning Results Deliver “How to empower, learn, and adjust/improvise?” Sustaining Affirmative Topic Choice Design “What should be - the ideal?” Co-constructing
Full AI Process • Select focus area or topic(s) of interest • Conduct interviews designed to discover strengths, passions, unique attributes • Identify patterns, themes and/or intriguing possibilities • Create bold statements of ideal possibilities ("Provocative Propositions") • Co-determine "what should be" (consensus re: principles & priorities) • Take/sustain action
Topic Choice A Fateful Act: People, organisations and communities move in the direction of what we most frequently and systematically ask questions about!
Genius is in Creating the Question “What would the universe look like if I were riding on the end of a light beam at the speed of light?” (Albert Einstein)
A Positive Change Network • Special invitation & call to people to be change leaders • AI approach to positive change • Many applications • Self-organizing • Builds relationships • Connected through knowledge sharing & storytelling
One Example …WORTH • We Can Change the World - Training Program for Women in Business • Women’s Empowerment Program • American Refugee Committee – Guinea www.worthwomen.org
Leap of Faith – Cleveland (Nov 2003) • Over 120 Students, Educators, Parents and Consultants • US, Canada, Brazil, England, Australia
Leap of Faith – Cleveland (Nov 2003) • Identify what’s working within our schools and education systems • Discover, dream, and design the best kind of schools and youth programs
Community Development Organisational Development Two Local Examples …
Acknowledgements • A debt of gratitude is owed to the following people for generously sharing their time, wisdom and materials: • David Cooperrider • Sue Annis Hammond • Gina Hinrichs • Mac & Marcia Odell • Marge Schiller • Other members of the Positive Change Corps and Appreciative Inquiry Consulting
SUE JAMES PO Box 197 Boronia, VIC, 3156 Phone: (03) 9758 2528 Mobile: 0402 979 384 Email: info@suejames.com.au Web: www.suejames.com.au www.appreciativeinquiry.com.au www.aiconsulting.com.au