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Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases Ch. 10 Human Respiratory System

Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases Ch. 10 Human Respiratory System. Nose Passageway for air. Nasal cavity Filters, warms, and moistens air. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT. Mouth Passageway for food and air. Pharynx (Throat) Common passageway for air, food, and liquid.

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Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases Ch. 10 Human Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System: Exchange of GasesCh. 10 Human Respiratory System NosePassageway for air Nasal cavityFilters, warms, andmoistens air UPPER RESPIRATORYTRACT MouthPassageway for food and air Pharynx (Throat)Common passagewayfor air, food, and liquid EpiglottisCovers larynxduring swallowing Larynx (Voice box)Production of sound Pleural membranesCover the lungs and linethe chest cavity Trachea (Windpipe)Main airway LungOrgan of gasexchange LOWER RESPIRATORYTRACT BronchiBranching airways AlveoliAir sacs forgas exchange Intercostal muscleMoves ribs duringrespiration Rib Right lung Left lung DiaphragmSkeletal muscleof respiration Figure 10.1

  2. Respiration Processes • Breathing (ventilation): moving air in and out of lungs • External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood • Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues • Cellular respiration: oxygen use to produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste

  3. The Upper Respiratory Tract Sinuses Nasal cavity External nose Opening of theauditory tube Nostril Pharynx Tongue Epiglottis Glottis Larynx Trachea Esophagus Figure 10.2

  4. Upper Respiratory Tract • Functions • Passageway for respiration • Receptors for smell • Filters larger foreign material from incoming air • Moistens and warms incoming air • Resonating chambers for voice

  5. The Lower Respiratory Tract Larynx Trachea Leftbronchus Rightbronchus Bronchioles Clustersof alveoli Figure 10.3

  6. Lower Respiratory Tract • Functions • Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production • Trachea: transports air to and from lungs • Bronchi: branch into lungs • Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

  7. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli Figure 10.8a (1 of 3)

  8. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli Figure 10.8a (2 of 3) and (3 of 3)

  9. Respiratory Cycle Figure 10.9

  10. Measurement of Lung Capacity Figure 10.10a

  11. Gas Exchange and Transport: A Passive Process • Gases diffuse according to their partial pressures • External respiration: gases exchanged between air and blood • Internal respiration: gases exchanged with tissue fluids • Oxygen transport: bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells or dissolved in blood plasma • Carbon dioxide transport: dissolved in blood plasma, bound to hemoglobin, or in the form of plasma bicarbonate

  12. How O2 and CO2 are Transported in Blood Figure 10.12 (1 of 2)

  13. How O2 and CO2 are Transported in Blood Figure 10.12 (2 of 2)

  14. Regulation of Breathing: Nervous System Involvement • Respiratory center in the medulla oblongata • Establishes basic breathing pattern • Chemical receptors • Monitor carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and oxygen levels • Medulla • Sensitive to hydrogen ions in cerebrospinal fluid resulting from carbon dioxide in blood

  15. Regulation of Breathing Figure 10.13

  16. Disorders of Respiratory System • Reduced air flow • Asthma • Emphysema • Bronchitis

  17. Disorders of Respiratory System • Infections • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis • Botulism

  18. Disorders of Respiratory System • Lung cancer • Congestive heart failure • Cystic fibrosis

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