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SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS

SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS. AAKAASH VARMA, ROCCO CAPITINI, MICHAEL SCIORTINO, CHRISTINA GOTSIS.

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SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS

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  1. SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS AAKAASH VARMA, ROCCO CAPITINI, MICHAEL SCIORTINO, CHRISTINA GOTSIS The following PowerPoint Presentation consists of a concise overview of Chapter 49 in Campbell & Reece’s 7th Edition A.P. Biology Textbook, as well as a series of activities to correspond with each of the following systems covered: sensory, skeletal, and muscular. This PowerPoint Presentation is best viewed as a Slide Show. At the end there is a also a list of online resources to accompany your academic endeavors into this field of biology. Good Luck!!!

  2. SENSORY RECEPTORS transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system

  3. SENSORY RECEPTION

  4. TYPES OF SENSORY RECEPTORS

  5. SENSORY RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS

  6. VISION (SEEING)

  7. AUDITION (HEARING)

  8. GUSTATION (TASTE)

  9. OLFACTION (SMELLING)

  10. TACTION (TOUCHING)

  11. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… THE AURORA BOREALIS? A PHOTORECEPTOR, A TYPE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RECEPTOR!

  12. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… MUSIC? A MECHANORECEPTOR!

  13. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… PERFUME? AN ODORANT RECEPTOR, A TYPE OF CHEMORECEPTOR!

  14. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… PAIN? A NOCICEPTOR (A.K.A PAIN RECEPTOR)!

  15. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… PIZZA? A CHEMORECEPTOR!

  16. ACTIVITY: what receptor would you use to sense… HEAT? A THERMORECEPTOR!

  17. ANIMAL SKELETONS function in support, protection, and movement

  18. TYPES OF SKELETONS

  19. HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM

  20. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… AN ENDOSKELETON (HUMAN)! • Can survive in most different types of environments if nourished well • Has many supporting elements to provide physical support on land • Has a great range of flexibility

  21. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… A HYDROSTATIC SKELETON (EARTHWORM)! • Lives in moist soil • Moves by a process known as peristalsis • It is not raised off ground and is known to crawl and burrow

  22. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… AN EXOSKELETON (LOBSTERS)! • Lives near abrasive shore • Requires shielding from dangerous materials, desiccation, and predators • Must molt periodically

  23. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… A HYDROSTATIC SKELETON (FLATWORMS)! • Locomotion occurs by muscular alteration of body cavities • Subject to shock frequently • Stays close to ground

  24. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… AN ENDOSKELETON (MAMMALS)! • Extremely flexible • Has many soft tissues • Requires a great deal of movement

  25. ACTIVITY: what skeleton would this animal have… AN EXOSKELETON (INSECTS)! • Very fragile and require protection • Present in many habitats • Growth requires many moltings

  26. MUSCLES occur in antagonistic pairs and move skeletal parts by contracting

  27. SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE

  28. SLIDING-FILAMENT MODEL

  29. UNDERLYING INTERACTIONS

  30. REGULATION

  31. NEURAL CONTROL

  32. TYPES OF MUSCLE FIBERS Brownish-red pigment that binds oxygen

  33. OTHER TYPES OF MUSCLE

  34. ACTIVITY: what is the password… MYOFIBRIL! • Arranged longitudinally bundles of this comprise a muscle fiber • Made of myofilaments

  35. ACTIVITY: what is the password… CALCIUM (Ca2+) IONS! • Bind to troponin complex to expose myosin-binding sites on thin filament, allowing for contraction

  36. ACTIVITY: what is the password… SARCOMERE! • Repeating unit of a pattern of light/dark bands, arranged by myofilaments

  37. ACTIVITY: what is the password… THIN FILAMENT! • Filament w/ two strands of actin, and a strand of regulatory protein

  38. ACTIVITY: what is the password… MOTOR UNIT! • Collective term for a motor neuron and its controlled muscle fibers

  39. ACTIVITY: what is the password… TETANUS! • Sustained contraction brought about by fusion of twitches that occur in quick succession

  40. ACTIVITY: what is the password… SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM! • Its membrane pumps calcium (Ca2+) ions from the cytosol into its interior to store them and releases them when an action potential is produced

  41. ACTIVITY: what is the password… TROPOMYOSIN! • Regulatory protein that blocks myosin-binding sites, keeping fiber at rest

  42. ACTIVITY: what is the password… MUSCLE FIBER! • 1 cell w/ multiple nuclei, running muscle length

  43. ACTIVITY: what is the password… TRANSVERSE (T) TUBULES! • Infoldings of plasma membrane along which action potentials move to spread deep into a fiber

  44. ONLINE RESOURCES • SENSORY SYSTEM: • http://frank.mtsu.edu/~jshardo/bly2010/nervous/receptor.html • http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/mhartgraves/Bio2401/Lecture%20Notes/Sensory.pdf • http://www.biology-online.org/9/8_sensory_systems.htm • http://www.slideshare.net/NeurologyGuru/sensory-system • SKELETAL SYSTEM: • http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html • http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html • http://lyndarandy.tripod.com/skeletalsystem/id1.html • MUSCULAR SYSTEM: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdHzKYDxrKc • http://www.human-body-facts.com/muscular-system.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3M&feature=related • http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/musc_sys_fin.html • http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Muscles/Muscle_Sliding-Filament.php

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