Domain 2 P 2 States of Consciousness

1. Domain 2 P 2States of Consciousness

2. Consciousness • Our level of awareness about ourselves and our environment • Conscious to the degree we are aware

3. Sleep • Altered state of consciousness. • Less aware of our surroundings. • Circadian Rhythm- biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24 or 25 hours.

4. Sleep Cycle • A sleep cycle consists of 5 stages • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM • Each cycle lasts 90 to 100 minutes • 4-5 cycles per night

7. Theories on Sleep • Repair and restorative theory • Sleeping is essential for revitalizing and restoring our body and mind • Evolutionary theory • Evolved as a means of conserving energy and avoid hazardous times. • Information consolidation theory • people sleep in order to process information that has been acquired during the day

8. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy • Sleep apnea • Night terrors/Nightmares • Sleepwalking/Sleep Talking

9. Sleep Disorders

10. Dreams • Story like images we experience as we sleep • Most common in REM

11. Freud’s Theory of Dreams • Dreams are a roadway into our unconscious. • Dream interpretation – uncover repressed information in our unconscious • Difficult to validate or invalidate

12. Activation-Synthesis Theory • Our Cerebral Cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping. • That is why dreams sometimes make no sense.

13. Information-Processing Theory • Brain deals with stress and daily information during REM dreams • We tend to dream more when we are more stressed. • Babies need more sleep because they have more new information to process

14. Other Theories of Dreams: • Our brain trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream . • Dreams serve to 'clean up' clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day. • A form of psychotherapy. The dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment .

15. DREAM ANALYSIS • In your groups, think of a dream that you recently had. Describe the events that occurred in your dream. • Discuss your interpretation of the dream with your group. • After careful analysis of each student’s dreams, discuss which theory your interpretation of the dreams best fit. • Select a speaker to present your findings to the class.

16. Hypnosis

17. Curse of the Jade Scorpion • http://warmupsfollowups.blogspot.com/2011/02/curse-of-jade-scorpion-hypnosis-unusual.html An insurance investigator and an efficiency expert who hate each other are both hypnotized by a crooked hypnotist with a jade scorpion into stealing jewels.

18. Post Viewing Questions • Describe the scene. • What items from the prior knowledge activity did you see in the clip? • Based on what you now know about hypnosis, do you think it is real? Explain your answer. • Do you believe it is possible to hypnotize someone like it happened in the segment? Why or why not? • Would you like to be hypnotized? Why or why not? • In your opinion, is hypnosis even really possible at all? Why or why not?

19. Hypnosis • Altered state of consciousness?

20. Hypnotic Theories Role Theory State Theory Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. Dramatic health benefits It works for pain best. • Hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness. • Different people have various state of hypnotic suggestibility. • A social phenomenon where people want to believe. • Work better on people with richer fantasy lives.

21. Hypnotic Theories Continued Dissociation Theory • Theory by Ernest Hilgard • We voluntarily divide our consciousness up • Ice Water Experiment • We have a hidden observer, a level of us that is always aware

22. Uses of Hypnosis • Suppress memories • Pain reduction • Anxiety reduction • Encourage relaxation • Reveal information

23. The Experiment: The Assassin

24. DRUGS

25. “They Said/They Lied”

26. Drug Statistics • 21.8 million Americans age 12 or older used illegal drugs in the past month • The highest age percentage for illicit drug use is 18 to 21. • The most abused illicit drug is marijuana with 14.6 million drug users. • On a regular basis,2.4 million Americans use cocaine. • 13 million Americans have an alcohol drinking problem. • Vicodin is the most frequently found narcotic prescription drug of abuse. • there are now more first-time adolescent prescription drug abusers than first-time marijuana users! • The fastest growing drug of abuse in American high schools is heroin. • 40% of high school seniors reported they had smoked marijuana during the past 12 months. • 25% of high school seniors have used stimulant drugs like "speed.“ • Rural Teens are 83% more likely to use crack cocaine, 34% more likely to smoke marijuana, and twice as likely to use amphetamines than teens in large cities.

27. Drug Classification • Drugs can be classified into different categories based on their chemical ingredients and their effects on users. • Four main categories • Depressants • Stimulants • Opiates • Hallucinogens

28. Depressants • Examples: alcohol, barbituates, and Benzodiazepines • Uses: often prescribed for individuals who suffer from anxiety or sleep disorders.

29. Effect on neurotransmission: slows normal brain function by increasing the number of GABA (gammaaminobutyric acid) neurotransmitters which decreases brain activity. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

30. Signs of use: slurred speech, staggered walk, altered perception, respiratory depression, coma, death, mental fog

31. Addiction risk: high addictive potential

32. Withdrawal: life-threatening withdraw effects

33. Warning: Mixing depressants and stimulants can be fatal • Warning: Nearly 50% of traffic fatalities are related to alcohol

35. Stimulants • Examples: cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), nicotine, and caffeine • Uses: often prescribed for individuals who suffer from ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity, and depression.

36. Effect on neurotransmission: block neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine from being reabsorbed. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

37. Signs of use: Increased feeling of euphoria, blood pressure, and heart rate, increased energy, increased body temperature.

38. Addiction risk: high addictive potential

39. Withdrawal: Not necessarily life threatening but can cause causes depression, fatigue, insomnia, and loss of appetite.

42. Opiates • Examples: Heroin, morphine, codeine, prescription pain relievers • Uses: used to treat pain, anesthesia, cough suppression Lorcet, Lortab, Vicodin Ocycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet

43. Effect on neurotransmission: Opiates resemble natural chemicals that have binding sites in the brain called opiate receptors. When the drug binds to these sites it turns off inhibition therefore allowing chemicals to flood the synapse. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

44. Signs of use: Analgesia (feeling no pain), Sedation, Euphoria (feeling high), Respiratory depression, Small pupils, Nausea, vomiting, Itching or flushed skin, confusion or poor judgment  

45. Addiction risk: Most addictive

46. Withdrawal: causes flu like symptoms including muscle aches, nausea and vomiting. Not life threatening

49. Hallucinogens • Examples: are LSD, mescaline, peyote, methamphetamine, marijuana • Effect: temporarily interfering with neurotransmitter action or by binding to their receptor sites • Uses: used to treat symptoms of illnesses such as cancer and glaucoma. Also used in spiritual rituals • Signs of use: alteration in the perception of time, pupil dilation, inability to discern reality from fantasy, memory loss. • Addiction: not considered physically or psychologically addictive • Withdrawal: zombie-like state, aggressive, hostile or violent behavior • Truth about drugs –LSD