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Learner Differences

Learner Differences. Cautions: Treatments unpredictable Self-fulfilling prophecy Stigma Labels mistaken for explanations. Benefits: Can Protect a Child Eligible for: Special services Information Equipment Funding. Labeling Exceptional Students. Intelligence. Capacity to learn

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Learner Differences

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  1. Learner Differences

  2. Cautions: Treatments unpredictable Self-fulfilling prophecy Stigma Labels mistaken for explanations Benefits: Can Protect a Child Eligible for: Special services Information Equipment Funding Labeling Exceptional Students

  3. Intelligence • Capacity to learn • Total knowledge acquired • Ability to adapt to the environment

  4. What Is Intelligence? • Spearman: g (general) • Fluid and crystallized intelligence • Gardner: Multiple intelligences (8) • Sternberg: Triarchic (3)

  5. Gardner’s Eight Intelligences • Logical-mathematical • Linguistic • Musical • Spatial • Bodily-kinesthetic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalist

  6. Discussion Detour • Do you agree that all the mental abilities described by Gardner are different types of intelligence? • If not, which would you remove? • Are there other types you would add?

  7. Implications for Teachers • As a teacher, how would you create a classroom setting that gave attention to the development of different intelligences?

  8. Intelligence as a Process • Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory • Three components • Analytic/componential • Creative/experiential • Practical/contextual

  9. How is Intelligence Measured? • Psychometric approach • First test by Binet • Original purpose

  10. How is Intelligence Measured? • Binet & Simon: children’s mental age • IQ = Mental Age x 100 ____________________________________________ Chronological Age • Group vs. individual IQ tests

  11. What Does an IQ Score Mean? • Average score is 100 • IQ scores predict achievement well • IQ and real life? • Heredity or environment?

  12. Are Intelligence Tests Culturally Biased? • Language based • Knowledge and skills and culturally based • Tests school-based knowledge

  13. Ability Differences and Teaching • Between-class grouping • Within-class grouping • Purpose of grouping • Effects of grouping

  14. Cognitive and Learning Styles • Cognitive styles: Information processing • Field dependent/independent • Impulsive/reflective • Learning styles: Learning & studying • Deep- & Surface-Processing • Learning Preferences: environment

  15. Gifted & Talented Students • Fast learners • Common and practical knowledge • Easily retain • Know many things • Strong vocabulary

  16. Gifted & Talented Students • Recognize relationships & comprehend meanings • Alert and keenly observant • Persistent and highly motivated • High level of creativity

  17. Giftedness and Formal Testing • Individual IQ tests are best • Case study approach recommended • Include creativity tests • Minorities are often under-represented

  18. Teaching Gifted Students • Acceleration • Enrichment • Encourage high level & abstract thinking • Outside resource people

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