Presentation Transcript

1. FIGHT! You are in the quad at lunch and you see a crowd rushing toward the senior circle. You quickly realize that 2 of your friends are about to fight. Friend 1 is on your sports team and your coach has been emphasizing team unity all season. Friend 2 owes you money but you made a pact with him last year that you would always have each others backs if anything ever happened. You also notice that Friend 2’s iphone is hanging out of his back pocket. What do you do?
2. OPTIONS A. You help Friend 1 because he’s on your team and you want to make sure you help keep your team strong. B. You help Friend 2 because you made a pact and you always keep your promises. C. You join the fight so that you can grab Friend 2’s iphone because he owes you money. D. You join the fight to show off your awesome fighting skills to everyone!

3. WORLD WAR i

   EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR
4. 4 Causes of WWI1914-1918 MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM ---------------------- +ASSASSINATION
5. MILITARISM POLICY OF GLORIFYING MILITARY POWER AND KEEPING AN ARMY PREPARED FOR WAR EUROPE HAD 30 YEARS OF PEACE 1890-1914 MILITARY SPENDING AMONG EUROPEAN NATIONS INCREASED 300% GREAT BRITAIN & GERMANY BUILT HUGE NAVIES RUSSIA HAD ARMY OF 6 MILLION TROOPS
6. ALLIANCES Countries aligned for protection Conflict will automatically drag everyone into war “An attack on one is an attack on all!” TRIPLE ALLIANCE “CENTRAL POWERS” 1882 Germany Italy Austria-Hungary TRIPLE ENTENTE “ALLIES” 1907 (response to triple alliance) Russia England France
7. IMPERIALISM European countries compete for other countries Distrust each other & rivalries They also want to protect what they already have Resources, new markets, etc… Colonies are a sign of a country’s strength Chance to get more from “spoils of war”
8. NATIONALISM DEEP DEVOTION TO YOUR COUNTRY Can be a unifying force within your country but… Causes intense competition between countries Can be very dangerous when extreme France angry at Germany for losing Alsace-Lorraine territory during Franco-Prussian war 40 yrs earlier BALKAN COUNTRIES WANT INDEPENDENCE (SERBIA!!!)
9. The Balkan Peninsula Called the “Powder Keg of Europe” Why? Many different ethnic groups & nationalistic uprisings (want independence) Serbia gained independence from Ottoman Empire (Turkey) a few years earlier (map 409) Want all Slavs to be united in Serbia Supported by Russia (mainly Slavic) Bosnia had large Slavic population but controlled by Austria Hungary Black Hand, GavriloPrincip & ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND collide in Bosnia
10. CAUSES OF WWI Triple Alliance (GIA) Triple Entente (Oui! It’s French) 4 MAIN CAUSES Why was the Balkans the “Powder Keg of Europe? ASSASSINATION OF AUSTRIAN ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND! Who assassinated him? Who declares war FIRST? WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?
11. WWI Begins July 28, 1914-Austria declares war on Serbia Russia mobilizes along the German border Russia expects Germany to join Austria Triple Alliance German government considers this an act of war Aug. 1-Germany declares war on Russia Russia looks to its ally France for help
12. I Declare War! Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Allies Russia Great Britain France Italy Japan 2 days after declaring war on Russia, Germany declares war on France Great Britain declares war on Germany Belgium gets attacked by Germany (uh-oh the Schlieffen Plan)
13. The SCHLIEFFEN PLAN Germany’s plan for the war Attack and defeat France quickly in the west and rush east to fight Russia before Russia had a chance to gather its forces Rationale Russia lagged behind the rest of Europe with its railroad system and would take longer to supply its front lines German leaders knew they must win a quick victory for this to work
14. First Battle of the Marne German troops reached outskirts of Paris Sept. 5 Every soldier thrown into battle, all resources used 4 days of fighting, Germany retreats (most important battle?) DESTROYED GERMANY’S SCHLIEFFEN PLAN Now Germany is forced to fight on 2 fronts Russia invades Germany War on Western Front becomes a stalemate…trench warfare
15. The Western Front: Trench Warfare Machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and airplanes are used in battles along the Western Front Trench warfare: huge losses of human life for small land gains CREATES STALEMATE ON WESTERN FRONT!!! New technology produces huge casualties… (millions die) Life in trenches was absolutely miserable rats, lice, trench foot, no food, no sleep, dead bodies
16. New Weapons Airplanes, Zepplins, Observation Balloons… Poison Gas (Ypres) Flamethrower (Verdun) Tanks (Somme) Machine guns U-Boats (unrestricted submarine warfare, Lusitania) Much more
17. The Eastern Front: Russia Struggles Eastern Front (Russia & Serbia VS Germany & Austria-Hungary) more mobile but than western front but slaughter & stalemate common Kept German army on 2 fronts Battle of Tannenberg August 1914-most important battle on Eastern Front Equipment outdated, not enough weapons, poor leaders Many drowned in swamp Russia never recovers from this battle
18. U.S. Enters WWI Sinking of the Lusitania Unrestricted submarine warfare 1200 dead, 128 Americans Zimmerman Telegram German telegram to ambassador in Mexico Unrestricted sub warfare, if US joins war Mexico should attack US Mexico will reconquer land (Texas, NM, Arizona) Britain intercepted, decoded, sent to US MAJOR TURNING POINT OF WWI
19. Total War Total War: devoting all resources to the war effort Factories make war supplies Women in factories Rationing Propaganda
20. Germany Full Force 1917 U.S. joins Allies Nov. 1917 Russian Revolution & Russia withdraws Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany Germany sends all forces to Western Front! March 1918 Germany plans one final attack on Allies Wanted to reach Paris before Americans arrived Crushed Allied forces on the way to Paris (800,000 dead) German military weakened (#s dwindling, lose half million)
21. WWI Ends 2nd Battle of the Marne-July 1918 2 million fresh US troops, tanks… Central Powers crumble Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire surrender Austria-Hungary revolutions, surrender German soldiers mutiny Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down November 11, 1918 Germany surrenders WWI is over!!! Kinda…what will be the terms?
22. The Human Cost of WWI 8.5 million soldiers died, countless civilians An entire generation of Europeans was wiped out 21 million wounded Economic Impact: $338 billion!!!!! Destruction of farmland, towns Disillusionment…despair…the world would not be the same