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Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West. The Byzantine Empire. I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world The Reign of Justinian (527-565) Nika Revolts 532 Church: Hagia Sophia (537) Law: uniform law for empire Corpus Juris Civilis

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Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

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  1. Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

  2. The Byzantine Empire I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) Nika Revolts 532 Church: Hagia Sophia (537) Law: uniform law for empire Corpus Juris Civilis III. Expansion and Decline of Empire

  3. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) • 532: Nika Revolts • Church • Eastern Church and orthodoxy • Hagia Sophia (537) • Society and Politics • Bribery and limits on women’s status • Powerful bureaucracy • Taxes, expansion, and building projects • Codification of law • Uniform law for Empire based on precedent • Corpus Juris Civilis

  4. Mosiac of Emperor Justinian (527-564)

  5. Hagia Sophia A.D. 537

  6. I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) • 532: Nika Revolts • Church • Eastern Church and orthodoxy • Hagia Sophia (537) • Society and Politics • Bribery and limits on women’s status • Powerful bureaucracy • Taxes, expansion, and building projects • Codification of law • Uniform law for Empire based on precedent • Corpus Juris Civilis

  7. Theodora (d. 548), Wife of Emperor Justinian

  8. III. Byzantine Empire: Gradual Decline • Persian invasions: Jerusalem (614) and Egypt (619) • Siege of Constantinople by the Avars (626) • Defeat of Byzantine army by the Bulgars (670) • The decline of urban life

  9. Europe at the death of Justinian, 565

  10. IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World • Background • Muhammad as Prophet • Islamic Beliefs • Spread of Islam • Islamic Scholarship

  11. The Rise of Islam • Bedouins before the 7th century • Muhammed (c. 570-632) and the Qur’an • Monotheism: • “no divinity but God and Muhammed is the Messenger” • Hegira the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) • and back (622) • The five pillars of Islam: Faith, prayer 5 times daily, zakat (alms), fast of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca • Ummah = community of believers Koran in the majestic Kufic script (7th or 8th century)

  12. The five pillars of Islam: Faith (shahadah) Prayer (salah) Charity (Zakat) Fast of Ramadan (9th month of Islamic calendar) Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (629)

  13. Ka’ba Black meteorite in Mecca 624: Badr 629: Mecca

  14. Islamic Conquests • Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca) • Conquest of Palestine and Persia by 637 • Seige of Constantinople 674 • Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by 711 • Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734

  15. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

  16. Scientific and cultural contributions to the West • Inquiry and Islam • Philosophy • Ibn Sina 980-1037 • Mathematics • Al-Khwarizmi book on “Al-jabr” • Science • Navigation

  17. Astrolabe Family of Al-Asturlabi Measures altitude of sun to calculate time and latitutde

  18. Illustration of constellation, Andromeda C, in Al-Sufi, Book of Images of the Fixed Stars (964)

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