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Apple Production in New York State

Improving the Capacity of the Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock to Deliver Extension Services. Apple Production in New York State. Mahboobullah Oryakhel Cornell University. Topics. Orchard Systems Planting Systems Tree Density and its effects on Yield

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Apple Production in New York State

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  1. Improving the Capacity of the Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock to Deliver Extension Services.

  2. Apple Production inNew York State Mahboobullah Oryakhel Cornell University

  3. Topics • Orchard Systems • Planting Systems • Tree Density and its effects on Yield • Light Interception

  4. Orchard Systems

  5. Major Training systems in Use in New York.

  6. Gala Super Spindle/M.9

  7. Slender Spindle/M.9

  8. Tall Spindle/M.9

  9. Tall Spindle/M.9

  10. Geneva Y-trellis/M.26

  11. V-Slender Spindle/M.9

  12. 3 Year Old Gala/M.9 Trained to a Vertical Axis

  13. Vertical Axis/G.202

  14. Tree Density:The Key to Early Production

  15. The Geneva Planting Systems Trial(Planted 1997) System Spacing Slender Pyramid/M.7 10' X 18' Slender Pyramid/M.26 8' X 16' Vertical Axis/M.9 7' X 15' Vertical Axis/M.9 6' X 14' High Density Vertical Axis/M.9 5' X 13' High Density Vertical Axis/M.9 4' X 12' Tall Spindle/M.9 3' X 11' Super Spindle 2' X 10'

  16. 2 Year Old Gala/M.9 trained to Super Spindle

  17. From Balkhoven- Baart et.al, 2001

  18. Tree Density and Training System Influence on early Yield • Tree density has a larger impact on early yield than training system. • Systems that utilize heading cuts in the early years such as Central Leader have lower yields than systems which employ minimal pruning during the first 5 years. • Slender Pyramid • Vertical Axis • Tall Spindle • Super Spindle • Y-trellis • V-Super Spindle

  19. Tree Density and Training System Influence on Fruit Quality • Smaller trees generally have better light distribution and fruit quality. • Some very small stature trees have dense canopies because limbs are placed close together. • Narrow canopies with open space between the limbs have the best light distribution and the best fruit quality. • Very close tree spacings have slightly less fruit color than wide tree spacings.

  20. Conclusions About Tree Density • High tree densities = high early yields • Under NY conditions densities up 2,200 trees/acre are manageable and produce extremely high cumulative yields but the optimum density depends on economic factors and is less than the extremely high densities. • High mature orchard yields depend on high light interception. Trees must be designed to intercept 70% of available light by having tree height at least 80% of row spacing. • Open canopies give better quality than compact dense forms.

  21. Light Interception:The Key to High Mature Yields

  22. Solar Radiation The Apple Tree Fruit Leaf Vegetative Parts % Light Interception

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