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Five World Religions

This guide provides an academic approach to teaching about the five world religions, promoting fairness, neutrality, and objectivity. It covers Hinduism and Buddhism in detail, including their beliefs, sacred texts, religious practices, and important figures.

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Five World Religions

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  1. Five World Religions

  2. Teacher Disclaimer Pedagogy: Fairness, Neutrality, and Objectivity The school's approach to religion is academic, not devotional. The school strives for student awareness of religions, but does not press for student acceptance of any religion. The school sponsors study about religion, not the practice of religion. The school may expose students to a diversity of religious views, but may not impose any particular view. The school educates about all religions; it does not promote or denigrate religion. The school informs students about various beliefs; it does not seek to conform students to any particular belief.A Teacher's Guide to Religion in the Public Schools [page 3]

  3. Anticipation Questions • Hinduism is one of the worlds most oldest religion. F/O • Hinduism has one divine spirit called Brahman. F/O • Hinduism is only practiced in India. F/O • Hinduism believes in re-incarnation. F/O • Hinduism practice of yoga is a good way to connect to God. F/O

  4. 2500 – 250 BC Hinduism • The religion of Hinduism developed and evolved over a long time in India • One of the oldest religions of humanity, founded in 1500 BCE or earlier. • It is the 3rd largest religion in the world. • No particular founder Brahman

  5. 2500 – 250 BC What do Hindus believe? • 1. Brahman -the eternal being • 2. Atman - the soul • 3. Devas – manifestations of Brahman • 4. Reincarnation – being reborn • 5. Karma – the sum effect of a person’s actions, good and bad • 6. Moksha - goal of human existence • 7. Dharma – set • of spiritual duties

  6. 2500 – 250 BC What are the Sacred Texts? • 1. Four Vedas (“truth”) – sacred hymns of praise • Contain knowledge revealed by Brahman • 2. Upanishads – • Ramayana • Mahabharata (includes Bhagavad-Gita) • Both tell stories that reflect on what it means to live according to Vedic teachings

  7. 2500 – 250 BC What are the religious practices of Hinduism? • Vary greatly because worship can take place anywhere—usually a temple or in the home. • Spiritual leaders are called gurus or sages. • Yoga-integrated physical and mental exercises. They teach people to focus their minds and bodies which will aid their meditation in order to attain moksha • Pilgrimage to Ganges (thought it flows through 2 devas so its water is holy. Bathing in it will purify them and remove bad karma. • Ultimate goal of life – to release Atman and reunite with the divine, becoming as one with Brahman (Moksha)

  8. 2500 – 250 BC Who do Hindus worship? – 3 Most Important Devas Brahma, the creator Vishnu, the Preserver Siva, the Destroyer

  9. The Ganges River (Uttarakhand, India)

  10. Questions (pg. 288-289) • What other countries has Hinduism followers? • According to Hinduism belief: A person reach______________________ • What is the most sacred sound of Hinduism? • Why is the pilgrimage to India’s Ganges River important and sacred? • What role do gurus play in Hinduism religion? • Which holy day is celebrated in the spring? Why is it important? • The Three (3) main gods of Hinduism

  11. All these deities are but Aspects of the impersonal Brahman

  12. Hinduism – Map! AUM! AUM! AUM! Hinduism in 1500 C.E. Hinduism Today Hinduism located in India and SE Asia Then and Now

  13. 2500 – 250 BC Buddhism • Buddhism developed in Northeast India in 520 BCE and spread to other parts of Asia • 4th largest religion in the world

  14. 2500 – 250 BC Siddhartha Gautama(563-483 BCE) • Buddhism can be traced to one single founder, Siddhartha Gautama • After years of meditation and searching, he sat under a Bodhi tree where he became Enlightened • He transformed into the Buddha-the Enlightened One.

  15. 2500 – 250 BC The Teachings of Buddhism What is the fundamental cause of all suffering? Desire! • Therefore, extinguish the self, don’t obsess about oneself. Give up all materials and possessions of the world.

  16. 2500 – 250 BC Four Noble Truths • There is suffering in the world. To live is to suffer. • The cause of suffering is people’s desires for pleasure and material goods. • The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments. (Nirvana = “extinction”) • To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path.

  17. Quick Write • What are the characteristics/traits of a good spiritual leader?

  18. Eightfold Path 2500 – 250 BC Right Understanding Right Speech Right Intention Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Concentration Right Mindfulness

  19. 2500 – 250 BC Eightfold Path Nirvana • Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which the soul would be free from suffering forever. • If nirvana is not achieved, then the soul would be reborn to live through the cycle of suffering again. • Spiritual leaders are called monks or lamas. • Worship takes place in a temple or meditation hall.

  20. Sacred Texts • Pali Canon • Dhammapada • Both record the words of the Buddha

  21. The Spread of Buddhism Interactive Map http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g6_u7/

  22. 2500 – 250 BC Types of Buddhism • Therevada Buddhism • Mahayana Buddhism • Tibetan Buddhism

  23. 2500 – 250 BC Theravada Buddhism • The oldest school of Buddhism. • Found in southern Asia. • The monastic life is the best • Focus on wisdom and meditation. • today.

  24. 2500 – 250 BC Mahayana Buddhism • Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan). • Buddhism “for the masses.” • One doesn’t need to be a monk or nun anyone can do it with some help. • few.

  25. 2500 – 250 BC Tibetan Buddhism • Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE. • A mix of Theravada and Mahayana. • Boddhisatvas include Lamas, like the Dalai Lama.

  26. Buddhism – Map! Buddhism in 1500 C.E. Buddhism Today Buddhism located in Southeast and East Asia (China) Then and Now

  27. Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

  28. What Do These Pictures Have In Common?

  29. Assignment #2 • Define all terms for Chapter 6 • Include content and academic vocabulary • Make Quads for the following terms: • Monotheism • Exile • Proverb • Scroll • Communicate • Rabbi • Expand • Devotion • tensions

  30. World Religion Chart: Assignment #3

  31. Assignment #4 • Complete 5 W’s on each of the following: • Abraham • Isaac and Jacob • Moses • Canaanites • Philistines • Saul • David Who, What, When, Where, Why are they important? How would you describe the role of Abraham and Moses?

  32. Assignment # 5 Moses Reading • K- what do you already know about Moses? • W- What would you like to learn about Moses? • L- What have you learned about Moses?

  33. Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God). • Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah. • Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.

  34. 4000–550 BC Abraham’s Genealogy All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3 • Islam-Quran • Judaism-Torah HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob/Israel Esau Mecca (Muslims) • Muhammad (the last prophet) • Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam 12 Tribes of Israel • Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews) • 2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah • Jesus Christ (son of God) • The Hebrew Bible - Old Testament in the Christian Bible

  35. Judaism Briefly • Judaism is over 3000 years old and is the oldest of the world's monotheistic religions • Its holy city is Jerusalem.

  36. Judaism Beliefs • Jews believe that there is a single God(Yahweh) who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship. • Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.

  37. Judaism Holy Book • The most holy Jewish book is the Torah(the first five books of the Christian Bible). Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written form of which is known as the Talmud. • The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy

  38. Judaism Place of Worship • Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and women usually sit separately. • Worship is led by a Rabbi. • Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time for worship. Stamford Hill, London

  39. The Temple • According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE. • The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but returned after 50 years in exile. • A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave their homeland and move to many different locations separately. • All of the world’s Jewish communities today that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.

  40. The Temple • King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans. Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20 BCE • Today, the single remaining temple wall, the Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish pilgrims. • Jews moved away from the land again, until the modern state of Israel was formed in the late 1940s.

  41. Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah • A Jewish boy automatically becomes a bar mitzvah upon reaching the age of 13 years, and a girl upon reaching the age of 12 years. No ceremony is needed to confer these rights and obligations. The popular bar mitzvah ceremony is not required, and does not fulfill any commandment. • The bar or bat mitzvah is a relatively modern innovation, not mentioned in the Talmud, and the elaborate ceremonies and receptions that are commonplace today were unheard of as recently as a century ago

  42. Dead Sea Scrolls • are a collection of some 981 different texts discovered between 1946 and 1956 in eleven caves in the immediate vicinity of the ancient settlement at Khirbet Qumran in the West Bank. The caves are located about 2 kilometres inland from the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, from which they derive their name • The texts are of great historical, religious, and linguistic significance because they include the third oldest known surviving manuscripts of works later included in the Hebrew Bible canon • Most of the texts are written in Hebrew, with some in Aramaic (in different regional dialects, including Nabataean), and a few in Greek

  43. Judaism – Map! Judaism in 1500 C.E. Judaism Today Today, located in Israel and U.S. In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East

  44. Christianity briefly • Christianity is the world's largest religion, with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.

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