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The Five Themes Through World Religions

The Five Themes Through World Religions. What do I know about Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Fill out the KWL chart below in your journal. (Obviously, do not fill out the LEARNED column yet!) . Introduction to Judaism. Introduction to Judaism.

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The Five Themes Through World Religions

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  1. The Five Themes Through World Religions

  2. What do I know about Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Fill out the KWL chart below in your journal. (Obviously, do not fill out the LEARNED column yet!) 

  3. Introduction to Judaism

  4. Introduction to Judaism • People group dedicated to reverence, study and perseverance of a life holy and pleasing to Y-h-w-h (God) • Jewish people have been oppressed almost nearly from the beginning of time.

  5. Basic Beliefs “But you shall not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you do eat of it, you shall surely die.” Genesis 2:17 • God created the world GOOD • Humans disobeyed God  Original Sin • Adam’s Curse (Genesis 3:14-19)

  6. God’s Promise Never to Destroy Again • Noahic Covenant (Story of Noah’s Ark)

  7. Abrahamic Covenant "Look up at the heavens and count the stars-if indeed you can count them." Then He said to him, "So shall your offspring be." Genesis 15:5 What could this mean?

  8. The Branch of Abraham God’s promise to Abraham—book of Genesis Ishmael Isaac Jacob Twelve Tribes of Israel King David (Tribe of Judah) Muhammad Jesus Islam Christianity Judaism

  9. Basic Facts • “Founding Fathers”—Abraham, Jacob, Moses • Founded around 2000 B.C.E. • Founded in Canaan (also known as Israel or Palestine) • Approximately 14 million followers, nearly half of which live in Israel

  10. Slavery in Egypt • Moses freed the Israelites from Pharaoh. God sent ten plagues to warn Pharaoh to let the Israelites go…the final one taking the first born son of every Egyptian family. • The angel of death PASSED OVER the homes of all Jewish families  this event created the holiday known as PASSOVER in the Jewish tradition.

  11. Moses splitting the Red Sea

  12. Basic Beliefs Personifies the theme of MOVEMENT as the Israelites migrated through the desert.

  13. Mosaic Covenant: The Promised Land The LORD said, "I have indeed seen the misery of my people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned about their suffering. 8 So I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey…” Exodus 3:7 • For 40 years the Israelites wandered in the desert as the Lord provided for them.

  14. Ten Commandments • Have no other gods before Me • Do not worship a graven image • Do not take the Lord’s name in vain • Keep the Sabbath holy • Honor your mother and father • Do not murder • Do not steal • Do not commit adultery • Do not give false testimony • Do not covet -Found in the Torah/Talmud -Israelites carried the stone tablets in the Ark of the Covenant

  15. Foreshadowing… • Do you think the ‘Promised Land’ was free of inhabitants?

  16. Messianic Covenant • Promise of “Moshiach”—Messiah The days are coming," declares the LORD ,     "when I will raise up to David a righteous Branch,     a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land.” Jeremiah 23:5 What could this mean?

  17. Theories Regarding the Messiah • Before the time of the moshiach, there shall be war and suffering (Ezekiel 38:16) • The moshiach will bring about the political and spiritual redemption of the Jewish people by bringing us back to Israel and restoring Jerusalem (Isaiah 11:11-12; Jeremiah 23:8; 30:3; Hosea 3:4-5).

  18. Theories Regarding the Messiah • He will establish a government in Israel that will be the center of all world government, both for Jews and gentiles (Isaiah 2:2-4; 11:10; 42:1). • He will rebuild the Temple and re-establish its worship (Jeremiah 33:18). • He will restore the religious court system of Israel and establish Jewish law as the law of the land (Jeremiah 33:15).

  19. Beliefs about G-d • G-d is Omniscient • G-d is Omni-present • G-d is Omnipotent • G-d is Eternal • G-d is neither male nor female • G-d is both just and merciful • G-d is holy and perfect • G-d is the father and King

  20. When they get to the promised land… • The Israelites build a huge temple for the Ark of the Covenant • Jewish centers of worship are called synagogues

  21. The First Temple The first temple was destroyed by the Babylonians and the Jews were exiled. The second temple was destroyed by the Romans.

  22. Western Wall Why would this wall be referred to as the Wailing Wall?

  23. The Western Wall

  24. Western Wall Video The Western Wall

  25. Synagogue

  26. Scriptures & Laws • Torah • The Writings • The Prophets • Ten Commandments • 613 additional laws Blessed is the one who does not walk in step with the wicked or stand in the way that sinners take or sit in the company of mockers, but whose delight is in the law of the LORD, and who meditates on his law day and night. -Psalm 1:1-2 The TALMUD is the portable version of scriptures.

  27. Dietary Laws (aka Kosher Laws) • Certain animals may not be eaten at all (chews cud, split hoof, sea creatures without fins/scales, certain birds, certain insects) Lev. 11:9-46 • Of the animals that may be eaten, the birds and mammals must be killed in accordance with Jewish law. • All blood must be drained from the meat (under Rabbinical supervision) or broiled out of it before it is eaten.

  28. More Kosher Laws 4. Certain parts of permitted animals may not be eaten. 5. Meat cannot be eaten with dairy. 6. Eggs, fruits, vegetables and grains can be eaten with either meat or dairy.

  29. Kosher Symbols on Food Packages

  30. Jewish Culture Historically, because Judaism requires strict adherence to the law and to Jewish customs, whether in the Promised Land or in a place of exile, the Jews set up their own communities to observe the law and religious observances.

  31. Branches of Judaism

  32. Orthodox Judaism • Conform completely to G-d’s laws • Traditional culture with gender roles • Rarely associate w/outside world

  33. Conservative Judaism • Not a “closed” system like Orthodox • Value tradition; adhere to most laws • “Happy Medium”

  34. Reform Judaism • Believe in retaining essential elements of faith that make sense in today’s society • Torah is inspired by G-d but open to interpretation • Emphasize broad moral messages rather than strict adherence to rules

  35. Rituals and Celebrations

  36. Sabbath Services • Amidah—prayers and praise to G-d • Sh’ma— “Hear O Israel, the Lord is our G-d, the Lord is One.” • Reading from the Torah • Friday services—1-3 hours • Saturday services—3 full hours

  37. Passover • Honors the deliverance of Jews from Egyptian slavery • Major Holiday (seven days long)

  38. Kosher for Passover

  39. Rosh Hashanah • Jewish New Year (Sep or Oct) • Celebration of the Creation of the Earth • No work is performed • Considered a “High Holy Day”

  40. Yom Kippur • Day of Atonement • Holiest day in entire Jewish calendar • No work; must fast • Considered a “High Holy Day”

  41. Chanukah (Hanukkah) • Festival of Lights (8 days long) • Celebrates victory of the Maccabees over the Syrians • Minor holiday

  42. Mezuzah

  43. Rituals • Bar Mitzvah (son of the commandment) • Bat Mitzvah (daughter of the commandment) • Marriage

  44. Conflict Though Judaism shares some similarities with Christianity and Islam (monotheistic, origins in the Middle East, God of Abraham), the creation of the Jewish state of Israel in 1948 has led to conflict in the region. We will get to this at a later date.

  45. Judaism and the Five Themes: Movement

  46. Diaspora: Movement of the Jews • After the Early Christian Church began to expand, the Church began to oppress Jewish people in some ways, claiming that the Jews killed the messiah. • Because of the strong cultural connections of the Jewish people, they often had their own way of life, separate from other cultures.

  47. Diffusion and Spread • Jews do not seek converts but has spread across the world through Diaspora (scattering). • Diaspora occurred due to persecution and forced exile • Thought to have begun in the 8th-6th century BCE (documented in the Old Testament and other ancient texts) and occurred throughout history until the creation of the nation of Israel in 1948 • What push and pull factors would affect choice of movement For an interactive map, of the Diaspora, click here: www.mccarter.org/Education/mad7/html/7.html

  48. Top Ten Jewish Nations • Israel • US • France • Canada • United Kingdom • Russia • Argentina • Germany • Australia • Brazil

  49. Essential Question How do Jewish beliefs and practices determine where and how they live?

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