Slavery 1815-1848

1. Slavery1815-1848 Bradley Hardcastle, Elam Mangum & Anna Grainger

2. Missouri Compromise • -Passed in 1920 • -Banned slavery from newly acquired territory from the Louisiana Purchase above the 36˚ 30˚ line. (Also known as the Mason Dixon Line) • Maine was admitted as a free state • Alabama was declared a slave state • Balanced the ratio of slave states to non-slave states.

4. Denmark Vesey • Conspiracy uncovered by whites in Charleston, SC in 1822 • Vesey, made a plan in which the blacks would take over the armories and take over the city • Made slave owners in SC more cautious

5. Nat Turner Rebellion • Preacher- sign from God • Led the rebellion on Aug 22, 1831 in South Hampton County Virginia • Killed over 60 whites • Found 48 hours later and were killed. • In response laws are passed restricting slaves from assembling without supervision or learning how to read and write. • Emancipation was considered in VA but slavery was considered a “positive good”

6. David Walker • African American Abolitionist in Boston • Called blacks to ride up in arms against slavery with his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829

7. William Lloyd Garrison • Published Abolitionist news paper, The Liberator • First white writer to demand for immediate abolition of slavery than gradual emancipation.

8. Statistics • In 1820 86.8% of all African Americans in the United States were slaves • In 1830 the percentage went down by .5% to 86.3% • In 1840 the percentage went back up .3% to 86.6% • Only about 13.5% of all African Americans in the United States were free during this time period.

9. Forms of Work • Slaves • Slaves Worked long hours • Usually did field work such as picking tobacco or cotton • Free African Americans • Typically worked in service occupations • Did not do much field work, even though some had the experience from being slaves • Many were U.S. merchant sailors

10. Culture and Religion • Free African Americans • Had many celebrations of their own that were not national holidays, but rather important days for the African Americans • Some free African Americans were able to establish their own Christian churches • Slaves • Slaves were not allowed to speak their native languages • Slaves like to make artwork • Also had a different and powerful form of music • Some slaves were even able to attend their own churches • “Oral tradition” was a main part of their culture

11. Living Conditions • Slaves • Many families were split apart • If a slave tried to run away without success, they were beaten and sometimes even killed • Each person owned one pair of clothes • They were fed the cheapest food their owner could find • Slaves were not allowed to learn to read and write • Free African Americans • Most were still discriminated against • Some free African Americans in the north owned land, had homes, ran businesses, and paid taxes

12. Social • Slaves • Slaves were not considered to be a part of the social society • Free African Americans • They were still discriminated against • They were allowed to voice their opinions • In 1827 the Freedom’s Journal came out.

13. Anti-Slavery • Slaves • Slaves who did not want to run away often used other ways to rebel; they would either work slow, break tools, or fake sick • Many would try to escape to places that were supposed to be safe either run by whites who believed in the abolishment of slavery, or free African Americans • Free African Americans • They often organized the escape routes for slaves • Many free blacks were described as “conductors” of the Underground Railroad • Many African Americans stayed in the United States to work on achieving equality in the United States

14. Statistics • 1810-1860: slave count tripled • 1815-1860: 600,000-700,000 slaves sold from upper south to lower south • Slave in 1820’s upper south had a 30% chance of being sold to lower south by 1860 • In the 1850’s a planter could expect an annual return of 8-10% on capital invested

15. The Two Sides Proslavery Abolitionists (Expansionists) American Colonization Society Christianity and The Bible Ulterior motives: economic and political Used morality as a cover “denounced the abolitionists as sanctimonious hypocrites” (Howe, 545) • “necessary evil” to “positive good” • Slavery was natural and proper for those of African decent • Christianity and The Bible • Race of “perpetual children” • Better off than northern laborers

16. Upper South: slave trade • Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky • Key crop: tobacco • Economic motives for interstate trade • Resulted in a very dominant white society

17. Lower South: short staple cotton to long staple cotton • Louisiana, Georgia, South Carolina • Key crops: sugar, rice, and cotton • The Cotton Gin (1793)- Eli Whitney • Westward Expansion • Denounced African Colonization and feared government involvement • Prohibited progression and development

19. South Carolina Influence • Denmark Vesey Conspiracy • led by a free black man who set out to seize weapons from armies and use the African American militia he had put together to take over Charleston • put fear in plantation owners and caused them to keep their guard up against all black citizens • Tariff of 1828- Tariff of Abominations John C. Calhoun

20. Bibliography Jackson Series Podcast (Gretchen Ann Riley)-10/22/10 Brands Textbook- 11/8/10 What Hath God Wrought (Howe)- 11/11/10 http://www.misterteacher.com/american%20slavery/slavenarratives.html 11/11/10