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Nationalism 1815-1848

Nationalism 1815-1848. HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8.1-8.2. Conservative vs. Liberal. Conservative. Liberal. Bourgeoisie Rights for the people Constitutional government National Unity Laissez-faire economics. Monarchy Congress of Vienna Anti-Nationalism Pro-Church Aristocracy Old Regime.

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Nationalism 1815-1848

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  1. Nationalism1815-1848 HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8.1-8.2

  2. Conservative vs. Liberal Conservative Liberal Bourgeoisie Rights for the people Constitutional government National Unity Laissez-faire economics • Monarchy • Congress of Vienna • Anti-Nationalism • Pro-Church • Aristocracy • Old Regime

  3. The Conservative Order, 1815

  4. Example 1: Serbia • Revolted from Ottomans starting in 1804 • Aid from Mother Russia • Slavic Language • Eastern Orthodox Christianity • THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT FOR WORLD WAR I

  5. Example 2: Greece • Ruled by the Ottoman Empire since 15th Century • The “Eastern Question” • 1821 Revolt • Alexander Ypsilanti • Supported by Britain, France, and Russia • King Otto I (a German)

  6. Example 3: Spain and Italy • Both had liberal uprisings in 1820; both crushed by the Concert of Europe • France intervenes in Spain • Austria intervenes in Italy • NATIONALISM IS SUPRESSED (for now)

  7. Example 4: France After Napoleon • Bourbon Restoration • Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) • The Charter of 1814 • Constitutional Monarchy • Kept many reforms of Napoleon • Did not change land rights

  8. Trouble in France…again. • 1824: Louis XVIII dies and is replaced by his conservative brother Charles X (r. 1824-30)

  9. Charles X • Leaned toward the old regime • Vehemently opposed the Revolution • Compensated émigrés • Gave clergy control of schools • Took away voting rights and free speech

  10. The July Revolution (July 27-29, 1830)“Les TroisGlorieuses” • Paris rises up • 1800 killed • Charles abdicates • Louis-Philippe takes over

  11. Louis Philippe The July Monarchy, 1830-1848The “Citizen King”

  12. Example 5: Belgium • Declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830 • Was part of France; Congress of Vienna merged it with the Netherlands • 1839: the major European powers recognize Belgium • All promise to guarantee its neutrality • THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT IN 1914

  13. Example 6: Poland • Tries to revolt in 1830 • Crushed by Nicholas I of Russia • No other nations would help Poland

  14. 1848: THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION

  15. Example 7: France (again..) • “When France sneezes, Europe gets a cold.” • The “February Days” 1848 • Louis-Philippe overthrown

  16. Conflict among the Revolutionaries Radical Socialists Liberal Republicans Middle class Alphonse de Lamartine Politicalreform NO national workshops • Lower class • Louis Blanc • Social reform • National Workshops

  17. The “June Days” • Class warfare in Paris (June 24-26) • Working class vs. Bourgeoisie

  18. Impact of the June Days • Nearly 10,000 dead • New Constitution • The Second Republic • Universal male suffrage • Election of 1848 • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte • Nephew of Napoleon

  19. 1851: Louis-Napoleon seizes power for himself • Approved by plebiscite • 1852: Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III • (r. 1852-1870) President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1852)

  20. Revolts in Austria and Italy, 1848 • Students riot in Vienna • Metternich flees • Louis Kossuth leads a Hungarian revolt • Italians set up independent republics • ALL CRUSHED

  21. Germany, 1848 • German Confederation • Austria vs. Prussia • More than 30 states • Frederick William IV • King of unified Germany? • Nein!

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