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Factors Influencing Growth and Development of Plants

Factors Influencing Growth and Development of Plants. AS 90454. Site Selection. Site Selection is determined by the requirements of the crop to be grown. Soil type and Climate – including temperature, GDDs, sunshine hours, rainfall and frost susceptibility on the shoulders of the season.

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Factors Influencing Growth and Development of Plants

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  1. Factors Influencing Growth and Development of Plants AS 90454

  2. Site Selection • Site Selection is determined by the requirements of the crop to be grown. • Soil type and Climate – including temperature, GDDs, sunshine hours, rainfall and frost susceptibility on the shoulders of the season. • The micro-climate of the site is the result of the physical environment. • Specific cultivars, ie Citrus spp. grafted onto P. trifoliata are soil cold tolerant while cutting grown Citrus are not, sweetcorn requires a range in GDDs from 2200 for ‘Supersweet’ early season to 3000 for full season cultivars, nectarines

  3. Site Establishment • Orientation of permanent crops, ie North – South for maximising sun exposure. • Soil preparation, eg mounding prior to planting for onions, potatoes and tomatoes. • Base fertilisers (Nutrition) prior to planting. • Irrigation system set up. • Soil pH, liming of soil.

  4. Pests and Diseases • Pests and diseases can influence the crop that can be grown in a certain region, ie apples aren’t grown in the Waikato and grapes are no longer commercially grown in West Auckland due to dampness of the climates (botrytis). • New growth of all plants are very susceptible to pests and diseases. • Pests chew the tender tasty tips of plants restricting the development of the plants and their ability to carry out plant processes. • Fungi such as mildew destroy apical buds. • Pests chew the plants providing an entry point for diseases which restricts the ability of the plant to grow at an optimum rate.

  5. Aphids sucking the growing shoot of a rose Aphids sucking sap from cabbages Mildew on growing tip Grassgrubsunderturf Clean Infected

  6. Hormones • Plant hormones co-ordinate growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli • 5 types of hormone • Auxin • Gibberellin • Cytokinin • Abscisic acid • Ethylene

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