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Genetics Week 2. LPA 2013-2014 Standard 4 Objective 2. Monday Objective. I will explain the phases of meiosis. Bell work. Work with your table partner to find the complete and correct answers to questions #1-7 on page 198. Review Meiosis. Draw the phases of Meiosis (with the teacher).
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GeneticsWeek 2 LPA 2013-2014 Standard 4 Objective 2
Monday Objective • I will explain the phases of meiosis.
Bell work • Work with your table partner to find the complete and correct answers to questions #1-7 on page 198.
Review Meiosis • Draw the phases of Meiosis (with the teacher). • Use the slips of colored paper and the large paper to model Meiosis. • Large paper = nucleus • Desk = cell • Colored paper = chromosomes
Review Fertilization Egg + Sperm = Zygote N N 2N
Homework • Read pages 199-207.
Tuesday Objective • I will explain how Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment affect genetic inheritance.
Vocabulary • Create new flashcards for the following terms: • Genetics • Heredity • Law of Segregation • Law of Independent Assortment
Vocabulary Review • Review the definitions for each term below: • Gene • Allele • Dominant • Recessive • Genotype • Phenotype
Reading Questions • What questions do you have after your reading last night?
Heredity • The passing of ________________ from parent to offspring is called ______________. • The study of heredity in ____________ is called ____________. • __________ ___________ is the “Father of modern _____________.”
Blending Inheritance Theory • During Mendel’s time, the Blending Inheritance Theory was dominant. • This theory states that _____________ were a “mix” of their ___________.
Mendel’s initial observations: • Plants sometimes had offspring that were not exactly like their ____________ nor were they a _______ of their parents. • Certain traits ______________ after disappearing in an earlier ____________.
Mendel’s experiments: • Subject = peas (fast growing and available in many varieties) • Study seven characteristics of pea plants: • Flower color -- Stem length • Flower position on stem -- Pod shape • Pod color -- Seed shape • Seed color
Mendel’s Experiment • A ________ is a heritable variation of a characteristic. • Each trait Mendel studied occurred in _______ contrasting traits. • Short stem vs tall stem • See table at top of page 201
Mendel’s Experiment • Cross-pollination: Mendel removed the anthers of the flowers in a group and dusted the stigma with stamen from a different group. • Review the diagram on page 202. • Monohybrid cross = a cross in which only one characteristic is examined
Mendel’s results • See data table at bottom of page 203. • A __________ is a unit of heredity.
Mendel’s Theory of Heredity • There are different versions of ______ which account for variations in ____________. • Different versions of genes are called __________. • When two different _______ are inherited together, ________ may be expressed, while the effect of the other may be “________.” • Dominant vs recessive alleles
Mendel’s Theory of Heredity • For each _____________, an organism inherits ______ alleles, one from each __________. • When __________ are formed, the two alleles of each gene are separated. During __________, each gamete receives _______ allele for each trait. During fertilization, ________ fuse and the zygote contains ________ alleles for each trait.
Law of Segregation • A ________ of alleles is __________, or segregated, during the formation of __________. • During __________, homologous chromosomes are randomly __________. Each resulting _______ has an equal probability of receiving either of the two _________.
Mendel’s Second Experiment • Dihybrid cross = a testcross in which the ___________ of _______ characteristics is tracked at the same time. • Conclusion = _______________ are inherited independently of each other.
Law of Independent Assortment • The ___________ of one trait will not affect the inheritance of another. • Modern Discovery: • Linked genes are genes that are close together on a chromosome and are packaged into the gametes _____________.
Allele Combinations • Homozygous Dominant: • Both _______ are dominant (and capitalized) • Homozygous Recessive: • Both _______ are recessive (and lowercase) • Heterozygous: • One _________ allele and one __________ allele
Homework • Complete questions #1-8 on page 207 of your textbook. • Read pages 208-210.
Wednesday Objective • I will describe biotechnology that presents ethical issues.
Bell work • Complete questions #9-14 on page 207 of your textbook.
Quiz • C =NO communication except with the teacher. • H =Raise your hand and wait to speak. • A =Take the test. Answer every question. • M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags. • P =Finish the test. When you finish, begin working on questions #1-5 on page 210.
Questions • Review questions #1-5 on page 210.
Homework • Read pages 211-221 in your textbook.
Thursday Objective • Review Cells and Genes. • Bill Nye Videos: • Inside the living cells • Genes • (7th Period has an assembly)
Friday Objective • I will demonstrate how to predict genotypes and phenotypes.
Vocabulary • Create new flashcards for the following terms: • Punnett square • Testcross • Heterozygous • Homozygous • Pedigree • Sex-linked trait • Polygenic trait
Reading Questions • What questions do you have after your reading last night?
Punnett squares • A Punnett square is a ___________ that helps predict the probable ___________ of alleles in different crosses.
Punnett square practice • Parents = one purple flower (homozygous) and one white flower. Purple color is dominant. • Parents = one purple flower (heterozygous) and one white flower.
Pedigree Charts • A pedigree is a ___________ that shows the ___________ of a trait over several ______________. • Pedigrees are commonly used to track genetic __________ and _____-_______ traits.
Sex-linked Traits • Sex-linked traits have alleles located on the sex ______________ (X or Y). • There are more ______-linked traits than there are _____ - linked traits. • Most sex-linked traits are _____________.
Punnett square & Pedigrees • Complete the practice at the top of page 217.
Non-Mendelian Modes of Inheritance • Codominance = both traits appear in a ____________ offspring. Neither allele is completely _____________ nor __________. • Incomplete Dominance = the phenotype of the offspring is somewhere in between the _____________ of both parents. A completely ____________ allele does not occur.
Non-Mendelian Modes of Inheritance • Polygenic traits = traits that are affected by more than one _________. • Eye color • Skin color • Blood type
Homework • Complete questions #1-7 on page 221.