A road map of i mplementation ideas of the regions of BPW International

Gender Budgeting Discussion PanelGB and pay equity: the direct way to equal sharing of responsibilities A road map of implementation ideas of the regions of BPW International Consultancy on Human Rights & Gender Issues, Berlin (EU) www.boeker-consult.de Marion Böker

His - & Herstory:Equality, Social Justice and Peace – Paradigms & an old metaphor change into methodology for practice of change -> inclusion • First Women‘s Budgeting „Initiatives“ at the beginning of the 20ties century within International Women`s (Peace)Movement • First rhetoric metaphor and political approach for Social and `Gender`Justice & Peace: • “More social spending for health, better work places, child care, education – Nothing for war” • Activities at I. and II. World War by int.NGOs Today we have the tools and enshrined right to see our Govn.s in duty to implement

Finances for women‘s needs are marginal – what are the effects of other 99, 95 % on equality? • In 2003 governments spent USD 68.5 billion on development aid. In that same year USD 900 billion was spent on weapons and war. • In 2003, 0.04% of total European Commission aid supported women-specific projects and programs. In dollar amounts this was USD 2.5 million out of USD 6.8 billion. • In the Land Berlin 0,06 % for temporary special measures for women

Remember: There is still some truth in the old metaphor on failed budgets: • Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2008, Table 5A.1,see also SIPRI military expenditure database. • Note: Some countries are excluded because of lack of data or or consistent time series data. World totals exclude Angola, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Myanmar, North Korea, Qatar, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago and Viet Nam.

Gender Budgeting checks if … • 100 % of the budget is steering for gender equality • Women will no longer debate on 0, 04 % of the public expenditures: • gender budgeting shall provide a wholesome 100%-perspective & knowledge • it shall make sure that budgets don‘t discriminate or fixing traditional gender roles

1970-80:UN-Decadefor Women: PRSP/EU-sponsered 1979:CEDAW:0–Tolerance forany form ofdiscrimination on thegroundofgender/sex – not eventhroughthebudget – ShadowreportArticle: 1-16; 5, Art 2d, 3;see Diane Elson (06): BudgetingforWomen‘sRights. Ed.: unifem 1995: ►2000: Peking + 5 and2005: Peking + 10 1999: EU: Treaty of Amsterdam 1997: EU-decision on Gender Mainstreaming  e.g. German cabinetfor GM, 2001: EU-Finance Minister Conference byUNIFEM: Benchmark 2015 A5-0214/2003 Decisionofthe European Parliament --> EU COMMs taskslisted!! 2005: Council of Europe: Gender Budgeting. Final reportofthegroupofspecialists on genderbudgeting(EG-S-GB)www.coe/int/equality 2006:EU – RoadmaptoEquality (bis 2010) 2007: CSW: Confirms GM/GB – especially on girls/boys - ageas a category 2008: CSW Confirmsimplementationof GB: financingforgenderequality 2008: CCRE/CEMR: European Charta for Gender Equalitywithinthe Life Communities/ bythe Council of Communities andregionsof Europe andtheneighbours 2009 43 session CEDAW, Feb. 2009, CO Germany: No 23/24 (seechapter in Alternative Report oftheAllianceof German Women‘sOrganisations & Fact sheetduringthe 43. sessionforthecommittee) International Background: Law, regulations agreed consensus on the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming & Budgeting ->Benchmark: 2015

The financial crises- A new challenge to integrate gender budget analyses in all fields of public expenditure, allocation and in all financial decision making levels as: • PAY GAP can be eliminated by GB in the budgedlines & measures of the labour market, employement agencies, education, invest, But as well in the ba for personell of Govn. Entities (Land Min. Berlin, Urban Planning: 17% by dom. female part time makes a minus by pay equity no Equality !!!) • Outside of expenditure: Effects of taxation • non-discriminatory job evaluations and job assignment systems • The social partners in wage agreements representation of women in the unions, at the decision making level- gm: GP in the mind of erveryone! • Measures of the impact of the crises on gender in the BUDGETs(women &men, stereotypes & job chances, pay gap, pay lost by hours of care giving, lost of morgage/pension…), discrimination, racism, drop out of men, VAW…) • At Govn., Finance summits of regions or G7 …and stock markets shall have gender analysis units and mainstream a gp (must develope early warning gender crises indicators and communicate)

Statement by CEDAW Geneva on Friday, 6 Feb 2009 : UN committee concerned by impact of financial crisis on rights of women and girls"The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women expresses its concern on the effects of the current international financial and economic crisis and its impact upon the full realization of human rights of women and girls worldwide. While the scale of the current crisis is still largely unmeasured, it is expected that women and girls in both developed and developing countries will be particularly affected by the potential social and economic consequences, such as unemployment, increase of responsibilities both at work and at home, decrease of income and potential increase in societal and domestic violence."In such a context, it is necessary to identify and respond to specific needs of women and girls. Gender perspectives should be taken into account in relation to the impacts of the crisis on both a long and short-term basis, including in relation to education, health, security and livelihoods. Particular attention must be paid to providing women with access to programs aimed at immediately alleviating poverty and hunger, with a view to guaranteeing that national and international efforts effectively reach those most in need and that funding of programs for women's empowerment is not eroded."The Committee underscores the importance of recognizing the unique contribution that women can make in the timely resolution of the crisis. It calls upon States parties to include women in the dialogue and decision-making processes around these issues. The Committee further urges States parties to comply with all their obligations under the CEDAW Convention in spite of the global financial crisis."

Gender Budgeting fits in a setting of recent reforms: to regulate: • structure and functioning of the public financial management • preparation and implementation of the public budgets • internal financial control (ex-ante financial control and internal audit) • accounting and reporting of all financial transactions • concepts of performance budgeting and strategic planning areintegrated into public financial system (EU: Maastrich wants performance oriented Budgets, IMF, UN?) • COMPILATION OF FINANCIAL STATISTICS (!!!) • FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BE PRODUCED • Balance Sheet • The Statement of Operating Results • The Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash • The Statement of Budget Execution Results • Other Financial Statements GENDER STATEMENTS e.g.Ppp The Republic of TURKEY, Fiscal policy 23 March 2006

Definition…http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/women_poverty_economics/gender_budgets_1.phpDefinition…http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/women_poverty_economics/gender_budgets_1.php • Gender-responsive budget analysis simply refers to the analysis of actual government expenditure and revenue on women and girls as compared to men and boys. Gender budgets are not separate budgets for women and they don't aim to solely increase spending on women-specific programmes. • Although national budgets may appear to be gender-neutral policy instruments, government expenditures and revenue collection have different impacts on women and men. Gender budget analysis helps governments decide how policies need to be adjusted, and where resources need to be reallocated. • Applying gender analysis to the budget is not simply a technical exercise. It requires thinking about government finances in a new way, looking beyond the household as a single unit of analysis to examine the situation of each of its members, male and female. It requires a focus on the unpaid care economy, in which much of women's time is spent. And it requires gender-disaggregated statistics.

„Gender Budgeting is the … • Re-organisation, improvement, developmentandevaluationofbudgetpoliticalprocesses. Itis a genderbasedevaluationofbudgets, theinclusionof a genderperspective on all levelsofthebudgetaryprocessesandit will askfor a completechange in revenuesandexpenditurein respecttothepromotionandenforcementofgenderequality.“ [Council of Europe, p.12]

The Gender Budget Analyses and engendering the budgetary planning document has it is primarily focus on the expenditure • But revenues (tax income) are not neutral either: Each COIN in the budget comes from the women and men’s income or/and paid and none paid work. • So e.g. the gender related pay gap has an effect on the budget allocation more or less tax income for more or less public services & wealth As to 2005 the estimated income (PPP USD) was in Turkey forWomen 4.385 (=35% of men’s income; -7.983 USD) Men 12.368 Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008, p. 327

EU region: Women earn 17,4 % less • Germany has a paygapof -23% less • but ifyourecognizetherelationbyfullequivalentsofpartandfulltime • eachbyhoursand real incomepayandmeasurethetaxationeffects • The calculationoftheloss must bebigger • Add lesseraccesstocapitalmarket, landandresources • WHAT IS THE DEMAGE TO THE SOCIETY, THE REGION THE WORLDS potential WEALTH orrecreation power?  Can wecalculateit in USD? • Think: IN WAR TIMES female potential isalwaysrecalled - Whatabout in timesofcrises- Andwhy not in timesofpeaceforPeace?

Change the municipality budget - Gender Budgeting as integral part of public budgetary reforms • Chose a simple and low level for the beginning - the instrument of the beneficiary analyses of public expenditure • to generate gender specific data- integrate them in budget planning document: • Step by step include more categories/ targeted groups & as to their needs • Define more detailed objectives: what is equality for each budget article/ measure • Define performance oriented indicators • Analyse with input output-outcome • Economics: more outreach to all taking subsidies from public sector: The private sector and its duties according to (international) legislation • Include gender budget the cycle

Expansion: Gender and… • Age / groups • Citizenship („background of migration“) • Minority (ethnical, cultural, religious…) • Educational & healths background • Handicap (persons with limited mobility) • Income (socio-economical criteria/ professional groups ILO) • Infrastructure of housing …until it is Human Rights Budgeting

UN-WORLD CONFERENCE Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Programme of Action, 2001, DURBAN  WCAR • PARA 52, p. 63 f. : “Recognize that poverty shapes economic and social status and establishes obstacles to the effective political participation of women and men in different ways and to different extent, urges States to undertake gender analyses of all economic and social policies and programmes, • especially poverty eradication measures, • including those designed and implemented to benefit those individuals or groups of individuals who are victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerances;”

The Budget Circle

HOW TO START WITH GENDER BUDGETINGIntegrate GB as a chapter in the NAP & RAP for Gender Equality: or a “Road Map”What do you need (from joined NGO and administration perspective) • clear political decision – the political will • implement a working structure (steering group including NGOs...) and resources • lay-out a working plan in several phases (benchmarks) – its a long term process- have a preparatory phases – and a starting point with public event/s • preparatory training: by steering group & include a educational institution (admin. academy, university- NGO coalitions) • chose a low level implementation and tool for Phases I : specific benefits of public expenditure • collection and compilation of data: absolute and relative • identification of most relevant issues [current transfers at city, state & fed. system level] • start with a few budget articles (obligatory) and motivate for some more (facultative) • increase the number of budget articles in Phase II: • create & present best practice • concentration on recipients of public funds • Analyse budget articles, measures & define objectives of budget articles (GM) • make agreements with recipients to provide necessary information: • include gender information in the budget planning document

Havea vision of gender budgeting as an integrative part of normal budgeting process • clear demands and requests by parliament and government • clear formal structures, leading role for Ministry of Finance • integration into the yearly budgeting process instead of additional • reporting mechanism • work together, learn together, learning by doing • be practical, do not annoy people with too much theory • bring together government officials, parliament, NGOs and other experts • persuade more members of parliament of active collaboration • enshrined gender budgeting in the budgetary law of the municipality NGOs • provide monitoring and meaningful recommendations • write shadow reports • be ahead of the process- never loose the vision • inform the public • For all: NETWORK ! On regional & internat. level

Thanks! You will find some literature under: www.gender-budgets.de

Practice of Gender Budgeting… Since 2002 in Berlin, Germany annex II.

Berlin - Gender BudgetingOrganizational Structure Parliamentasks for activity and better information 2002 / 2005 / 2007 Government (Senate)resolution gender budget 2002 / 2003 specifications Gender Mainstreaming Land Commission -steering group(state secretaries) Two times a year since 2003 reports Gender Budgetingsteering and working group(chair: head of budget departmenthigh level government employees2 members of parliamentindependent initiatives/NGOs) monthly since 2003 (since then over 50 meetings) First in BPDoc 2008/08 Gender Budgeting as an integrative part of Berlin state budgetary policy with all methods dealing later with 100%

Resources: Berlin with a deficit budget decided it‘s a good investment • The Coordination Unit for GM/GB of the Land (4 persons staff within Ministry for Economy, Technology and Women`s Equailty, budget for publications, conference, trainings) • Order for Head of budget department, Ministry of Finance Berlin & his staff collegue (their time as a regular part of the job) • 100.000 EUR for external consultancy per year – Especially requested from the districts-for GB & GM-Analysis when first results had to be interpreted, varifyed: e.g. Library; playing ground, external consultants push the process further (indicators as best practice & test, then methodology can be generalised) • Programme of the Admin. Academy of the Land Berlin: Training of their regular staff and freelancers for to train/teach new admin. staff

The Political Will… • Starts as a commitment by candidats runing for elections • The political parties – Administrative staff- • Is manifested best in documents: Party programmes – Coalition Contract to hold the politicians accountable for their commitment • If documented must be told the media (!) • …is never strong enough • Must be enshrined in the budgetary law & procedure regularly of the municipality/ state- not depend on individual initiatves anmore but law and documents

GB with GM is a necessary tool to solve economic challenges… • GIA in the planning process for all new budget lines & measures • Longterm evaluation - Controling & improvement of finances in the budget (the analysis often requires a re-definition the goal of measures: proper gender equality- for which specific targeted group of women/men – quota – criteria of quality: indicators while the volume of the budget line might be the same or changes a bit) • Lissabon goals of women in labour force – less unemloyment- less forced part time - (rights to work - more tax for the budget!) • Elimination of pay gap – For equal loan - Equal chances as entrepreneurs • No more women`s discrimination through taxation, pension, public contracting (outsourcing or subventions to private sector) • Enshrining care economy as a economic factor of wealth & value • Sharing this payed and unpayed economic contribution between women and men • Inclusion of women in decision making on budgetary and financial targets, effects • Equal access for women and men as to their needs to public expenditure and : all economic production of the society as well on (global) macroeconomic level • Enhance State‘s, Govn.‘s & Civil Societies (Populations) capacity to address and profit from future economic challenges to create a framework of well being in dignity – educate all on the capacity to do so- empower for participation

Berlin Data Collection- Matrix was provided by the Ministry for Finances

First Results on Municipality Level:From 6 to56 products/ budget lines Source: 3. Report of the Berlin Senat on GB 2005: 12 Districts In addition gender experts are doing GM-Analysis as to find out what causes the gap to not make it just sex counting- but find measures – e.g. how to engage men in reading- how to make them users of libraries and not to send their mothers/wifes, sisters….- how to make libraries a public service adressing the needs of all groups including boys and men) • 1. Seminars in Adult Educ. Inst. 74,31 % Frauen & 25,68 % Männer • 2. Media in Libraries 63,39 % Frauen & 33,96 % Männer • 3. Programme/ Events in Arts 61,25 % Frauen & 44,29 % Männer • 4. Counceling of handicaped persons 55,64 % Frauen & 44,36 % Männer • 5. Integrative Educational & Family Counseling 52,20 % Frauen & 45,95% Männer • 6. General Measures for Children & Youth 45,09 % Frauen & 54,90 % Männer

Budget district Lichtenberg 2007 - En-gendered 1:12 districts of Berlin

... Important economical issues can be addressed after the first results: Financial Programmes for Entrepreneurs have to be balanced more gender equal- Below: PUBLIC donation for private Entrepreneurs and special economic and work place creation – Ministry for Economy, Technology and Women – Stimulation of he private sector

En-gendered Budget Land Berlin 2008/2009: Min. for Integration, Labor & Social Affairs-Advisor for Int. & Migration

More in the 2008/09 gender informed budget….e.g. Sport women in high levels are missed- What gender-lesson for girls & boys in leisure/job practice? • Beneficiary incident analyses of 14 subsidies – a total of 5.973 000 MIO €: • Effect on what jobs/labor/wages are generated: Trainer for low level: 46,1% ♀ zu 53,9%♂ = 580 T zu 680 T € [somewhat balanced!] • Contracted trainers for children/ minors: 23,7% ♀ zu 76,3%♂, = 118 : 362 T € - more then a effect as job creator - Role-Models (!) a visible and effective restriction as the trainer job on higher level as an option for girls/women: more a men’s job area: Lesson: Girls stay away (they are smart) • Trainer on higest champion level: 20:80%=86 T:362 T € • And: A huge amount of surrunding/ follow-up budgets and costs: 4,8 MIO per post of 19%-65% more for male: more jobs in the whole sport business – in services for vissitors, in security services, the hospitals, prisons, in social works for nazis and violent, disfunctional male audience (increasing investment in male clients which dis-behave and produce more costs, -> for men and more collateral demage for women and some men

Other examples of early interventions are… • To invest in better equiped and hygenic sport grounds with roofs for more girls/women – just allow female sport teams to enter the grounds (Lichtenberg, Krbg/Frh.): football • Age groups being active in sports: men in the middle ages stop sport activities- women increase them: What about long life health and the gender relations… BUT • Berlin must become more progessive talking with private sector, companies when they take beneficiaries: They then need to implement gender equality (no gender pay gap – workplaces with works life balance criteria- …) • Berlin has to address poverty by more investment in better child care institutions and education (as well libraries, programmes for kids and young people and minority groups: GB justifies investing here – as well as in integration – on the long run more workplaces and more qualified women and men of all groups will generate more tax and a higher budget- but: more investment in this budget lines without an increase of the budget volume

Limits of budgetary influence of the State/Land (Federal System) Needs Chances and national GB process • Labour market issues in the education of unemployed, measures for unemployed or low qualified women and men gender specific (Fed. Unemployment Agency)! Multiple approach: migrant specific, age… • Lots of funds are under federal authority • Trade • Military & Security spending is increasing on federal level: • Tax policy (no individual tax for women) is defined on Fed. Level) & many more! • Sometimes we cannot get data if they are generated by a national institution or under a national regulation (Data on tourism as a growing private sector !!!) So: • Our Senate make interventions in the second chamber- Berlin brings gender competence – Berlin requests gender action from the Fed. Council of Laender/ Bundesrat – and into Joint Federal & Laender Commissions • WE NEED A FEDERAL GENDER BUDGETING PROCESS!

A road map of i mplementation ideas of the regions of BPW International